Factors Predicting Long-term Outcome and the Need for Surgery in Graves Orbitopathy: Extended Follow-up From the CIRTED Trial.

Unlabelled: Graves orbitopathy is both disabling and disfiguring. Medical therapies to reduce inflammation are widely used, but there is limited trial data beyond 18 months of follow-up.

Methods: Three-year follow-up of a subset of the CIRTED trial (N = 68), which randomized patients to receive high-dose oral steroid with azathioprine/placebo and radiotherapy/sham radiotherapy.

The Effect of Ophthalmic Surgery for Graves' Orbitopathy on Quality of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Graves' orbitopathy (GO) has a profound negative impact on quality of life. Surgery is undertaken to preserve vision, correct diplopia, and improve aesthetics. We sought to quantify the effect of different surgical approaches on quality of life.

Combined immunosuppression and radiotherapy in thyroid eye disease (CIRTED): a multicentre, 2 × 2 factorial, double-blind, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Standard treatment for thyroid eye disease is with systemic corticosteroids. We aimed to establish whether orbital radiotherapy or antiproliferative immunosuppression would confer any additional benefit.

Methods: CIRTED was a multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial with a 2 × 2 factorial design done at six centres in the UK.

Early partial division of a hughes tarso-conjunctival flap with secondary intention healing of the anterior.

A 61-year-old man had a highly myopic amblyopic right eye since birth but retained good unaided vision of 6/5 in his left eye. He presented with an enlarging lesion of his left lower lid. The clinical appearance was consistent with a large basal cell carcinoma.

Orbital radiotherapy for adult thyroid eye disease.

Background: Thyroid eye disease is an autoimmune inflammatory condition of the orbital and periorbital tissues. Orbital radiotherapy is an anti-inflammatory treatment used in the treatment of active thyroid eye disease. It is administered as an outpatient procedure in 10 to 12 fractionated doses.

Smoking and strabismus surgery in patients with thyroid eye disease.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between smoking status at presentation and the use of strabismus surgery in the management of patients with thyroid eye disease.

Design: Retrospective review of a noncomparative series of patients with thyroid eye disease.

Participants: All patients with thyroid eye disease under the care of a single consultant at Moorfields Eye Hospital between 1997 and 2002 (inclusive).

Protocol for the combined immunosuppression & radiotherapy in thyroid eye disease (CIRTED) trial: a multi-centre, double-masked, factorial randomised controlled trial.

Background: Medical management of thyroid eye disease remains controversial due to a paucity of high quality evidence on long-term treatment outcomes. Glucocorticoids are known to be effective initially but have significant side-effects with long-term use and recrudescence can occur on cessation. Current evidence is conflicting on the efficacy of radiotherapy and non-steroid systemic immunosuppression, and the majority of previous studies have been retrospective, uncontrolled, small or poorly designed.