Survival analysis for lung cancer patients: A comparison of Cox regression and machine learning models.

Introduction: Survival analysis based on cancer registry data is of paramount importance for monitoring the effectiveness of health care. As new methods arise, the compendium of statistical tools applicable to cancer registry data grows. In recent years, machine learning approaches for survival analysis were developed.

Cardiovascular disease risk after a SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To our knowledge, there is no systematic review examining CVD risks after a SARS-CoV-2 infection over time, while also taking into account disease severity. All evidence on the risk for pulmonary embolism (PE), myocardial infarction (MI), ischaemic stroke (IS), haemorrhagic stroke (HS), and arterial thrombosis following infection was evaluated.

Methods: The protocol was registered with PROSPERO.

Learning debiased graph representations from the OMOP common data model for synthetic data generation.

Background: Generating synthetic patient data is crucial for medical research, but common approaches build up on black-box models which do not allow for expert verification or intervention. We propose a highly available method which enables synthetic data generation from real patient records in a privacy preserving and compliant fashion, is interpretable and allows for expert intervention.

Methods: Our approach ties together two established tools in medical informatics, namely OMOP as a data standard for electronic health records and Synthea as a data synthetization method.

Effect of Metformin on Plasma Exposure of Rifampicin, Isoniazid, and Pyrazinamide in Patients on Treatment for Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Background: To evaluate the effect of metformin on the plasma levels of rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide in patients with drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis being treated with first-line antituberculosis treatment (ATT) and to assess the influence of gene polymorphisms on the metabolic pathway of metformin and plasma levels of antitubercular drugs.

Methods: Nondiabetic adults aged 18-60 years with pulmonary tuberculosis were randomized to either the standard ATT (ATT group) or ATT plus metformin (METRIF group) groups in a phase IIB clinical trial. An intensive pharmacokinetic study with blood collection at 0 hour (predosing), followed by 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours after dosing was conducted during the first month of treatment in a subset of 60 study participants after a minimum of 14 doses.

Healthcare Policies to Eliminate Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) in India: A Roadmap.

The need for systemic healthcare policies to systematically eliminate NTDs globally and in India has been stressed for more than two decades. Yet, the present policies and the research on them do not meet the need. We present an ontological framework, a research roadmap, and a policy brief to address the gap.

Yes, we have the power to end TB!

Robust efforts are essential to sustain and increase the advancements made in battling TB, as well as to tackle persistent issues that have caused the fight against the disease to be uneven. The End TB Strategy proposes that new technologies are to be developed by 2025 to encourage a quick growth in TB occurrence diminishment. This calls for a cross-sectoral focus on creating and distributing suitable medical and programmatic modernizations in a fair manner.

Null and missense mutations of ERI1 cause a recessive phenotypic dichotomy in humans.

ERI1 is a 3'-to-5' exoribonuclease involved in RNA metabolic pathways including 5.8S rRNA processing and turnover of histone mRNAs. Its biological and medical significance remain unclear.

Production of vaccination videos in India: learnings from a science-art partnership.

Background: Cross-cultural communication, often conceptualized along culture and language dimensions, is an important issue for collaborative teams that include both scientists and artists. Such teams must balance the standardization needs of rigorous scientific methods, on the one hand, with openness for artistic creativity, on the other. The scientific literature does not provide clear guidance on how to structure such collaborations.

Primary growth plate chondrocyte isolation, culture, and characterization from the modern broiler.

Lameness is a leading cause of animal welfare and production concerns for the poultry industry as fast-growing, high-yielding broilers seem more susceptible to bone disease and infections. A major limitation to the study of these disorders is the lack of a chicken immortalized chondrocyte cell. Primary cell isolation is a valid and complex method for establishing a relevant in vitro model for diseases.

Carbene-Like Reactivity in an Iron Azametallacyclobutene Complex: Insights from Electronic Structure.

Herein we describe our investigation into the electronic structure of the first isolated monometallic iron azametallacyclobutene complex. Computational analysis through density functional theory calculations reveals electron delocalization throughout the four atoms of the ring system, in line with experimental observations and supporting the classification of this complex as a conjugated metallacycle. The results of this study also point to significant contribution from an imine-substituted iron carbene resonance structure to the overall bonding picture for the azametallacyclobutene.

Iron(II) complexes supported by pyrazolyl-substituted cyclopentadienyl ligands: synthesis and reactivity.

The preparation of bis(pyrazolyl)cyclopentadienyl iron complexes is described. Isopropyl substitution promotes solubility of the iron chloride complex that serves as a precursor to several derivatives through ligand exchange. Modification of the cyclopentadienyl substituent to replace a pyrazolyl unit with a phenyl group favors formation of a substituted ferrocene complex.

Personality and mental health factors associated with performance at university level: A study of business administration students.

Background: Performance of students at university level may be influenced by various factors.

Aim: In a sample of business administration students, we explored personality, mental health, and life style factors associated with high and low achievers based on their examination grades (Grade A and higher vs. Grade B and lower).

An efficient system for bioconjugation based on a widely applicable engineered O-glycosylation tag.

Bioconjugates are an important class of therapeutic molecules. To date, glycan-based metabolic glycoengineering has had limited use in this field, due to the complexities of the endogenous glycosylation pathway and the lack of an glycosylation consensus sequence. Here, we describe the development of a versatile on-demand glycosylation system that uses a novel, widely applicable 5 amino acid glycosylation tag, and a metabolically engineered UDP-galactose-4-eperimase (GALE) knock-out cell line.

Fully endoscopic lumbar spinal surgery: Is it time to change?

Spinal surgery is becoming safer and progressively less invasive with advances in optical and instrument technology. The amount of decompression achievable with endoscopic approaches is now comparable to open approaches with the advantage of much less tissue trauma. This review aims at examining the status of endoscopic approaches in lumbar decompressive surgery.

Signature of Glycylglutamic Acid Structure.

Background: Glutamate (Glu) is of great interest in biomedical research. It is considered a biomarker in diabetes, which may potentially contribute to the development of autism in genetically vulnerable human populations, and it is found in relation to advanced glycation end products (AGEs) [1]. Additionally, Glu plays an active role in the function of ligand-gated ion channel glutamate receptors, chloride channels capable of filtering glutamate, as well as Potassium (K)-channel [2].

Fully endoscopic cervical spine surgery: What does the future hold?

Fully endoscopic cervical spine surgery is an emerging novel approach to address cervical spinal pathology. Techniques, both anterior and posterior have been adapted to address various cervical pathologies. The primary goal of these procedures like other open techniques is to surgically decompress the canal centrally and/or along the foramen.

Acid-assisted hydrogenation of CO to methanol using Ru(II) and Rh(III) RAPTA-type catalysts under mild conditions.

A highly efficient homogeneous catalyst system for production of CH3OH from CO2 using single molecular defined ruthenium and rhodium RAPTA-type catalysts [Ru(η6-p-cymene)X2(PTA)] (X = I(1), Cl(2); PTA = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) and rhodium catalysts [Rh(η5-C5Me5)X2(PTA/PTA-BH3)] (X = Cl(3), H(4) and PTA-BH3, H(5)) developed in acidic media under mild conditions. A TON of 4752 is achieved using a [Ru(η6-p-cymene)I2(PTA)] catalyst which represents the first example of CO2 hydrogenation to CH3OH using single molecular defined Ru and Rh RAPTA-type catalysts.

Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Immunotherapy Drives Oncolytic Effects and Durable Systemic Antitumor Immunity.

A recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), encoding either a human (NDVhuGM-CSF, MEDI5395) or murine (NDVmuGM-CSF) GM-CSF transgene, combined broad oncolytic activity with the ability to significantly modulate genes related to immune functionality in human tumor cells. Replication in murine tumor lines was significantly diminished relative to human tumor cells. Nonetheless, intratumoral injection of NDVmuGM-CSF conferred antitumor effects in three syngeneic models ; with efficacy further augmented by concomitant treatment with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 or T-cell agonists.

Photoreductive chlorine elimination from a Ni(iii)Cl complex supported by a tetradentate pyridinophane ligand.

Herein we report the isolation, characterization, and photoreactivity of a stable Ni dichloride complex supported by a tetradentate pyridinophane N-donor ligand. Upon irradiation, this complex undergoes an efficient photoreductive chlorine elimination reaction, both in solution and the solid-state. Subsequently, the NiCl species can be regenerated via a reaction with PhICl.

Anti-TL1A Antibody PF-06480605 Safety and Efficacy for Ulcerative Colitis: A Phase 2a Single-Arm Study.

Background & Aims: An immune component of inflammatory bowel disease is up-regulated tumor necrosis factor-like ligand 1A (TL1A). Anti-TL1A antibodies such as PF-06480605, a fully human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody, may have therapeutic potential.

Methods: This Phase 2a, multicenter, single-arm, open-label study (TUSCANY) evaluated safety, tolerability, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity in PF-06480605-treated participants with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC).

Transition-metal complexes of group 12 with 1,1'-bis(phosphanyl)ferrocene ligands.

The syntheses of four new cadmium and zinc complexes with 1,1'-bis(phosphanyl)ferrocene ligands and their phosphine chalcogenide derivatives are reported. The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses and IR, H NMR, P NMR and electronic absorption spectroscopy. The crystal structures of dichlorido[1-diphenylphosphinoyl-1'-(di-tert-butylphosphanyl)ferrocene-κO,P]cadmium(II), [CdCl{(CHOP)(CHP)Fe}] or CdCl(κP,O-dppOdtbpf) (1), bis[μ-(tert-butyl)(1'-diphenylphosphinoylferrocen-1-yl)phosphinato-κO,O':O'']bis[chloridozinc(II)], [Zn{(CHOP)(CHOP)Fe}Cl] or [ZnOCl{κO,O'-PhPOFcPO(t-Bu)}] (2), 1,1'-bis(di-tert-butylthiophosphinoyl)ferrocene, [Fe(CHPS)] or dtbpfS (3), and [1,1'-bis(dicyclohexylphosphanyl)ferrocene-κP,P'][chlorido/cyanido(0.

Sodium butyrate modulates chicken macrophage proteins essential for Salmonella Enteritidis invasion.

Salmonella Enteritidis is an intracellular foodborne pathogen that has developed multiple mechanisms to alter poultry intestinal physiology and infect the gut. Short chain fatty acid butyrate is derived from microbiota metabolic activities, and it maintains gut homeostasis. There is limited understanding on the interaction between S.

Defective apoptotic cell contractility provokes sterile inflammation, leading to liver damage and tumour suppression.

Apoptosis is characterized by profound morphological changes, but their physiological purpose is unknown. To characterize the role of apoptotic cell contraction, ROCK1 was rendered caspase non-cleavable (ROCK1nc) by mutating aspartate 1113, which revealed that ROCK1 cleavage was necessary for forceful contraction and membrane blebbing. When homozygous ROCK1nc mice were treated with the liver-selective apoptotic stimulus of diethylnitrosamine, ROCK1nc mice had more profound liver damage with greater neutrophil infiltration than wild-type mice.

Mammogram mass segmentation and detection using Legendre neural network-based optimal threshold.

Breast cancer is a leading cause of mortality affecting women across the world. Early detection and diagnosis can decrease the mortality rate due to this cancer. Machine learning-based models are gaining popularity for biomedical applications due to the ability of nonlinear mapping between input and output patterns using supervised training phase.

Copper(I) Complexes Containing PCP Ligand Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Formate under Ambient Conditions.

The five new copper(I) complexes [Cu(μ-Cl)(κ-PCP)] (), [Cu(μ-Br)(κ-PCP)] (), [Cu(μ-I)(κ-PCP)] (), [Cu(μ-CN)(κ-PCP)] (), and [Cu(μ-SCN)(κ-PCP)]·CHCl () bearing a 1,3-bis[(di--butylphosphino)methyl]benzene ligand were synthesized and characterized spectroscopically, and the molecular structures of , , and were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Structural studies for and revealed their binuclear structures with Cu···Cu separations of 2.609(3) and 2.