The effect of banana blossom on growth performance, immune response, disease resistance, and anti-hypothermal stress of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

Banana (Musa acuminata) blossom contains high nutritional value and bioactive compounds. In this study, Macrobrachium rosenbergii were fed with diets containing banana blossom powder (BBP) at 10 and 20 g kg, hot-banana blossom (BBH) extract at 10 and 20 g kg, and the basal diet for 56 days. The growth performance, physiological response and immune parameters were evaluated.

L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) induces neuroendocrinological, physiological, and immunological regulation in white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei.

L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) is a precursor for dopamine (DA) synthesis. Assessments were conducted to analyze the effects of l-DOPA on mediating regulation of neuroendocrinological, immunological, and physiological parameters in the shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei when they were individually injected with 0.01 N HCl or l-DOPA at 0.

Silencing tyrosine hydroxylase retards depression of immunocompetence of Litopenaeus vannamei under hypothermal stress.

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the first and rate-limiting step in the synthesis of catecholamines, is required in catecholamine synthesis of the neuroendocrine regulatory network against stress in shrimp. The immunocompetence, catecholamine biosynthesis, and carbohydrate metabolites were evaluated in Litopenaeus vannamei received L. vannamei TH (LvTH) double-stranded (ds)RNA, diethyl pyrocarbonate-water, or non-targeted dsRNA for 3 days then transferred from 28 to 20 or 28 °C.

The upregulation of immune responses in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) silenced Litopenaeus vannamei.

Catecholamines (CAs) play a crucial role in maintaining physiological and immune homeostasis in invertebrates and vertebrates under stressful conditions. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in CA synthesis. To develop an effective CA-related immunological defense system against stress and pathogen infection, various criteria, were evaluated in TH double-stranded (ds) RNA-injected white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei.

Cloning and characterization of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) from the pacific white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, and its expression following pathogen challenge and hypothermal stress.

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) belongs to the biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzyme family, and it represents the first and rate-limiting step in the synthesis of catecholamines that are required for physiological and immune process in invertebrates and vertebrates. Cloned Litopenaeus vannamei TH (LvTH), containing a short alpha helix domain, a catalytic core, a regulatory domain, a phosphorylation site and two potential N-linked glycosylation sites as presented in vertebrate and insect THs without acidic region and signal peptide cleavage sites at the amino-terminal, exhibited a similarity of 60.0-61.