Comparison of different spectral ranges of UV-LED lighting for outdoor mosquito trapping in forested area in Thailand.

Mosquito surveillance is critical for actively tracking the location and monitoring population levels and the threat of mosquito-borne disease. Although light-emitting diodes (LEDs) light traps have grown in popularity, there is still a limited understanding of the application of light wavelengths for trapping nocturnally active wild mosquitoes in forest ecotypes. This study evaluated the performance of different UV wavelengths in trapping mosquito populations in a forested mountainous area in Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand.

Report of the 2023 Asia Pacific Conference on Mosquito and Vector Control: "reimagining vector control-innovations for a changed world".

The Asia-Pacific region has had decades of progress in reducing malaria cases and deaths. The region is now accelerating its efforts towards malaria elimination by 2030 using a science-based approach by applying evidence-based best practices alongside existing tools. However, there are concerns of knowledge gaps and external factors challenging this goal.

Preferences for livestock bedding as a development substrate of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae), and potential application of entomopathogenic nematodes for controlling stable fly larvae.

The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae), is a significant insect pest with global veterinary implications due to its capacity to both cause nuisance and transmit disease-causing pathogens to livestock. This study aimed to determine the livestock bedding preferred for use as a development substrate by S.

Spatiotemporal distribution of hematophagous flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on beef cattle farms in Bangkok, Thailand.

A spatiotemporal investigation of hematophagous fly prevalence was conducted over a 1-year period on 12 beef cattle farms located in major livestock areas of Bangkok, Thailand, using Vavoua traps. The survey revealed 5,018 hematophagous flies belonging to Muscidae and Tabanidae, with the 3 dominant species identified as Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus) (2,354; 46.91%), Musca crassirostris Stein (1,528; 30.

Effects of mosquito age and batch size on knockdown and mortality of laboratory-reared Anopheles dirus, Anopheles minimus, and wild-caught Anopheles harrisoni (Diptera: Culicidae) exposed to transfluthrin using WHO tube and CDC bottle bioassays.

WHO tube and CDC bottle bioassays are currently available for insecticide resistance monitoring and malaria transmission research. Multiple parameters including mosquito density, age, and nutritional status may affect the readout in these bioassays' tests. This study aims to assess the effects of experimental factors on knockdown and mortality measurements in dominant malaria vectors in Thailand following exposure to sublethal and lethal doses of transfluthrin.

The effect of transfluthrin-treated jute and cotton emanator vests on human landing and fecundity of Anopheles minimus in Thailand.

Complementary approaches to tackle outdoor and early evening biting mosquitoes are urgently required. Transfluthrin (TFT) is a volatile pyrethroid capable of altering mosquito feeding behavior. This study investigated the efficacy of TFT-treated jute (TFT-J) and cotton (TFT-C) fabrics on human landing activity, feeding and fecundity of Anopheles minimus in Thailand.

Chemical Profiles and Lethal Toxicities of Native Botanical Insecticides for the Control of Musca domestica Linnaeus and Stomoxys indicus Picard (Diptera: Muscidae) in Songkhla Province, Thailand.

Livestock farming is currently reducing the use of synthetic insecticides because of the development of resistance in insect pests. Plant-based bioinsecticides are considered alternatives to synthetic pesticides. Therefore, the present study investigated the chemical composition and discriminating concentrations (DCs) of essential oils from Syzygium aromaticum (L.

Comparison of Vector Trapping Methods for Outdoor Biting Malaria Vector Surveillance in Thailand and Vietnam.

The performances of the human-baited double net trap (HDNT) and the human-baited host decoy trap (HDT) methods were compared against the outdoor human landing catch (OHLC) method in Thailand and Vietnam. Two study sites were selected in each country: a rural village and a nearby forest setting. The three outdoor trap methods were rotated nightly between three set trapping positions, in a pre-assigned Latin square design.

Semi-field evaluation of human landing catches human double net trap for estimating human biting rate of and in Thailand.

Background: Whilst the human landing catch (HLC) technique is considered the 'gold standard' for estimating human-biting rates, it is labor-intensive and fraught with potential risk of exposure to infectious mosquito bites. This study evaluated the feasibility and performance of an alternative method, the human double net trap (HDNT) relative to HLC for monitoring host-seeking malaria vectors of the complex in a semi-field system (SFS).

Methods: HDNT and HLC were positioned in two rooms, 30 m apart at both ends of the SFS.

UV Light-Emitting-Diode Traps for Collecting Nocturnal Biting Mosquitoes in Urban Bangkok.

Well-designed surveillance systems are required to facilitate a control program for vector-borne diseases. Light traps have long been used to sample large numbers of insect species and are regarded as one of the standard choices for baseline insect surveys. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of six ultraviolet light-emitting diodes and one fluorescent light for trapping urban nocturnal mosquito species within the Kasetsart University (KU), Bangkok.

A Review of Termite Species and Their Distribution in Thailand.

Although 3105 termite species have been documented worldwide, little information is available on those in Thailand. In this review, the Google Scholar search platform and the Scopus and Science Direct databases were used to obtain information on termite species and for georeferencing. The QGIS software was used to create point localities that were overlaid on the Thailand administrative level 1 (province) to map the distribution of termite species in the country based on the World Geodetic System 1984.

Comparing Light-Emitting-Diodes Light Traps for Catching Mosquitoes in a Forest Setting, Western Thailand.

Light traps are a common method for attracting and collecting arthropods, including disease vectors such as mosquitoes. Various types of traps have been used to monitor mosquitoes in a forest in Western Thailand. In this study, four Light Emitting Diodes (LED) light sources (UV, blue, green, and red) and two fluorescent lights (white and UV) were used to trap nocturnal adult mosquitoes.

Transmitted Light as Attractant with Mechanical Traps for Collecting Nocturnal Mosquitoes in Urban Bangkok, Thailand.

Mosquito surveillance is the cornerstone for determining abundance, species diversity, pathogen infection rates, and temporal and spatial distribution of different life stages in an area. Various methods are available for assessing adult mosquito populations, including mechanical trap devices using different forms of attractant cues (chemical and visual) to lure mosquitoes to the trap. So-called "light traps" use various electromagnetic wavelengths to produce a variety of visible spectral colors to attract adult mosquitoes.

Forced Egg Laying Method to Establish F1 Progeny from Field Populations and Laboratory Strains of Anopheles Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand.

Successful monitoring of physiological resistance of malaria vectors requires about 150 female mosquitoes for a single set of tests. In some situations, the sampling effort is insufficient due to the low number of field-caught mosquitoes. To address this challenge, we demonstrate the feasibility of using the forced oviposition method for producing F1 from field-caught Anopheles mosquitoes.

Detection of Anaplasma spp. and Bartonella spp. from wild-caught rodents and their ectoparasites in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand.

The objective of this study was to investigate evidence of emerging anaplasmosis and bartonellosis in rodents from endemic areas of Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. Rodent trapping was undertaken in 13 sub-districts of Muang District. The live-capture traps were set up in three locations of selected scrub typhus patient houses for three consecutive nights.

Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) to Temephos in Thailand and Surrounding Countries.

Aedes-borne virus disease control relies on insecticides to interrupt transmission. Temephos remains a key chemical for control of immature stage Aedes in Thailand and much of Southeast Asia. However, repeated use of insecticides may result in selection for resistance in vector populations, thus compromising operational intervention.

Stomoxyinae Flies in Thailand: A Précis, with Abridged Taxonomic Key to the Adult Species.

Stomoxyinae flies (Diptera: Muscidae) are cosmopolitan obligate hematophagous insects of medical and veterinary importance. The subfamily Stomoxyinae includes 51 known species within 10 genera. Five genera, , , , , and , represent important livestock pests causing substantial economic losses in the commercial animal industry.

Spatial Distribution of Forensically Significant Blow Flies in Subfamily Luciliinae (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand: Observations and Modeling Using GIS.

Blow flies of the subfamily Luciliinae (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are one of the main forensically important subfamilies globally. In addition to being used to estimate the minimum post-mortem interval (PMI), assuming colonization occurred after death, blow fly specimens found infesting a human corpse are used to determine if the corpse was relocated or if the individual ingested narcotics prior to death. The presence of these blow flies in a given area is strongly influenced by abiotic and biotic factors, such as temperature, elevation, and habitat.

Predicting Geographic Distribution of Forensically Significant Blow Flies of Subfamily Chrysomyinae (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Northern Thailand.

Blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are carrion-breeding flies that are commonly used as evidence in forensic investigation. An adequate knowledge of ecological and geographical data of blow fly has a direct application in forensic science, as far as estimating time of colonization or corpse relocation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of four species of Chrysomyinae (, , , and ) across six land use types in central Chiang Mai, northern Thailand.

Impact of abiotic factor changes in blowfly, Achoetandrus rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae), in northern Thailand.

Understanding how medically important flies respond to abiotic factor changes is necessary for predicting their population dynamics. In this study, we investigated the geographical distribution of the medically important blowfly, Achoetandrus rufifacies (Macquart) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), and ascertained the response to climatic and physio-environmental factors in Chiang Mai, northern Thailand. Adult fly surveys were carried out every 2 weeks from May 2009 to May 2010 at 18 systematically randomized study sites in three districts of Chiang Mai province (Mueang Chiang Mai, Mae Rim, and Hang Dong), using reconstructable funnel traps with 1-day tainted beef offal as bait.

Review of insecticide resistance and behavioral avoidance of vectors of human diseases in Thailand.

Physiological resistance and behavioral responses of mosquito vectors to insecticides are critical aspects of the chemical-based disease control equation. The complex interaction between lethal, sub-lethal and excitation/repellent ('excito-repellent') properties of chemicals is typically overlooked in vector management and control programs. The development of "physiological" resistance, metabolic and/or target site modifications, to insecticides has been well documented in many insect groups and disease vectors around the world.

Do climatic and physical factors affect populations of the blow fly Chrysomya megacephala and house fly Musca domestica?

The blow fly, Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius), and house fly, Musca domestica L., are medically and forensically important flies. The population dynamic of these flies is essential for both control and forensical aspects.

Differentiation between Lucilia cuprina and Hemipyrellia ligurriens (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae for use in forensic entomology applications.

Lucilia cuprina and Hemipyrellia ligurriens are forensically important blow flies in many countries. The immature stage, in particular the third instar, of both species are generally similar in morphological appearance. In this study, the use of three main characteristics, the posterior spiracle, the dorsal spines between the first and second thoracic segments, and the cephalopharyngeal skeleton, allows for identification of both fly species, with the number of papillae on anterior spiracle being a supportive characteristic in some cases.