A comprehensive review on oral nicotine pouches: Available scientific evidence and future research needs.

Oral nicotine pouches (ONPs) are an emergent class of tobacco products that, unlike conventional oral smokeless tobacco products, contain a nicotine powder instead of tobacco leaves. This review synthesizes available data on ONPs in key research domains including survey studies, marketing/advertising studies, chemical characterization and in vitro studies, and clinical studies. Research findings relevant for ONP regulations are summarized, including who uses these products and why, how marketing tactics influence appeal and use intentions, what harmful and potentially harmful constituents they contain, and what acute effects they have on humans.

Cytological diagnosis of hyaline-vascular type of Castleman disease.

Castleman disease (CD) is a rare, benign lymphoproliferative disorder, mostly involving the mediastinal lymph nodes, but can occur wherever lymphoid tissue is found. With only a few published case reports, there needs to be more literature on its cytological findings. We report the case of a 63-year-old female presenting with left upper cervical swelling.

Evaluating ChatGPT to test its robustness as an interactive information database of radiation oncology and to assess its responses to common queries from radiotherapy patients: A single institution investigation.

Purpose: Commercial vendors have created artificial intelligence (AI) tools for use in all aspects of life and medicine, including radiation oncology. AI innovations will likely disrupt workflows in the field of radiation oncology. However, limited data exist on using AI-based chatbots about the quality of radiation oncology information.

Recent advances in sensing toxic nerve agents through DMMP model simulant using diverse nanomaterials-based chemical sensors.

Recent terrorist assaults have demonstrated the need for the exploration and design of sustainable and stable chemical sensors with quick reaction times combined with great sensitivity. Among several classes of chemical warfare agents, nerve agents have been proven to be the most hazardous. Even short-term exposure to them can result in severe toxic effects.

Integrating spiritual disposition intervention into behavioral medicine: A case report on systemic lupus erythematosus from India.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory systemic autoimmune disease. The disease manifests as the body's immune cells start attacking healthy connective tissue, which affects the skin, kidneys, blood vessels, brain, and other vital organs. As with any other chronic illness, the disease has psychological implications.

Reliable Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytology and Immunocytochemistry Reporting over an Extended Period by the Addition of Aldehyde and Osmolyte-Based Preservative Solution.

Introduction: The cytological examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an important investigation in the workup of various inflammatory, malignant, or traumatic disorders of the central nervous system. The cells in the CSF lyse and degenerate at a very fast rate owing to its low tonicity, buffering capacity, redox potential, and pH, making it crucial to examine it within 2 h of sampling. We have hereby designed an aliphatic aldehyde, osmolyte, metal halide, and a buffer-based solution which will preserve the cellular components of CSF for 48 h.

Oral Disintegrating Tablets of Proton Pump Inhibitors for Chronic Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: An Update.

Oral disintegrating tablets (ODT) offer an attractive choice for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) patients suffering from dysphagia. In chronic condition, GERD patient suffers from severe erosive esophagitis. Thus patients feel difficulty and pain during swallowing, which results in patient in-compliance toward medication of tablets or capsules- especially in geriatrics and pediatric patients.

Neuroblastoma: Application of International Neuroblastoma Pathology Classification on fine needle aspiration cytology smears.

Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) is the fourth most common tumor of childhood. There is a paucity of literature on its subtyping of cytology and prognostic utility.

Aims: We aimed to study the cytopathological features of NB on the aspirated material, subtype it, and assess the role of International Neuroblastoma Pathology Classification (INPC) classification on cytology smears in the preoperative prognosis of NB.

An audit of Grade III or more skin reactions in consecutively assessed patients at a modern radiation oncology center.

Purpose: Radiation dermatitis is most common and debilitating side effects of radiotherapy leading to treatment interruption, thereby compromising the local control, and effecting quality of life. With the invent of modern imaging and recent advances in megavoltage radiotherapy, radiation-related side effects have reduced. In this audit, we report the risk factors associated with Grade III dermatitis in modern centers.

Challenges faced by female radiation oncologists (FRO) in South Asia.

Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the personal challenges, work environment, and financial satisfaction of female radiation oncologists (FRO) in South Asia.

Material And Method: A 28-point online survey was answered by 296 FRO from south Asia. The study comprised of seven sections: personal, professional, family, economic, workplace burnout, research/academic components, and challenges exclusive to being a working woman.

Eugenol-acacia gum-based bifunctional nanofibers as a potent antifungal transdermal substitute.

Fungal biofilms interfere with the wound healing processes. Henceforth, the study aims to fabricate a biomaterial-based nano-scaffold with the dual functionalities of wound healing and antibiofilm activity. Nanofibers comprising acacia gum, polyvinyl alcohol and inclusion complex of eugenol in β-cyclodextrin (EG-NF) were synthesized using electrospinning.

Peripheral Lymphadenopathy in Children: Cytomorphological Spectrum and Interesting Diagnoses.

Objective: Peripheral lymphadenopathy is a common complaint in the pediatric outpatient department. Fine needle aspiration cytology is the first investigation of choice with a high sensitivity for diagnosis but cytology may be challenging in some cases. The study was planned to study the cytomorphological spectrum and discuss a few interesting cases.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Various Biomarkers of Sepsis (Serum Pro-Calcitonin, High-Sensitivity C-reactive Protein, and C-reactive Protein) and Band Cell Percentage in Critically lll Patients: A Prospective, Observational, Cohort Study.

Background: Despite the advances in medical sciences, the morbidity and mortality due to sepsis in critically ill medical or surgical patients remains high, hence the need for an early and accurate diagnosis. In the current armamentarium, we have various biomarkers such as procalcitonin (PCT), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), CRP, and band cell percentage for an early clue.

Aims: This study explores the accuracy of these markers in distinguishing sepsis from systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and their correlation with sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scoring in critically ill patients.

Comparison of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine and Midazolam as Premedication in Pediatric Surgical Patients: A Prospective, Randomized Double-Blind Study.

Introduction: To relieve anxiety and fear is a major concern for pediatric anesthesiologist, and intranasal dexmedetomidine seems to be better alternative to midazolam to provide sedation and allay anxiety in children.

Aims And Objectives: We compare the sedative effects, anxiety level, successful child-parental separation, and hemodynamic parameters of either intranasal dexmedetomidine or midazolam as a premedication in children undergoing pediatric surgery.

Setting And Design: This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind study conducted on 60 patients belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classes I and II, undergoing pediatric surgical procedures with the use of intranasal dexmedetomidine and midazolam as premedication.

Recent Advancement in SARS-CoV-2 Diagnosis, Treatment, and Vaccine Formulation: a New Paradigm of Nanotechnology in Strategic Combating of COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose Of Review: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic which has not been seen in recent history, leaving behind deep socioeconomic damages and huge human losses with the disturbance in the healthcare sector. Despite the tremendous international effort and the launch of various clinical trials for the containment of this pandemic, no effective therapy has been proven yet.

Recent Findings: This review has highlighted the different traditional therapeutic techniques, along with the potential contribution of nanomedicine against the severe acute respiratory syndrome corovirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Tumour bleeding: Efficacy and outcome of haemostatic radiotherapy.

Background: Management of tumour bleeding remains a challenge in oncology. With a number of methods available, radiotherapy still holds a crucial place. There are no standard guidelines for dose fractionation of haemostatic radiotherapy (HRT), and it varies from case to case.

Perfusion magnetic resonance imaging in contouring of glioblastoma patients: Preliminary experience from a single institution.

Purpose: T1-contrast and T2-flair images of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are commonly fused with computed tomography (CT) and used for delineation of postoperative residual tumor and bed after surgery in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Our prospective study was aimed to see the feasibility of incorporating perfusion MRI in delineation of brain tumor for radiotherapy planning and its implication on treatment volumes.

Methods: Twenty-four patients with histopathologically proven GBM were included in the study.