[Not Available].

Targeting the immune system as a therapeutic strategy in solid tumors has shown great efficacy in various tumor types. However the role and success of this approach in glioblastomas remain to be determined. Recent studies demonstrated that central nervous system is no longer considered as an immunoprivileged sanctuary with impressive immune response without blood brain barrier's disruption.

[Focus on targeting the Ras-MAPK pathway: the Mek inhibitors].

The Ras/Raf/Mek/Erk pathway is a key component of tumor progression and modulates proliferation, survival, differentiation and angiogenesis. Hyperactivation of this pathway is highly implicated in tumorigenesis especially by gain of function mutation of Kras or Braf. Mek position at the end of the pathway seems to be a promising new therapeutic target in the Kras or Braf mutated cancers.

Antiangiogenic agents and late anastomotic complications.

Anticancer agents targeting circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (e.g., bevacizumab and aflibercept) are strong angiogenesis inhibitors.