Macroscopic and microscopic investigations of determining elasto-mechanical properties of limequat fruit.

Given the paramount importance of agricultural products in global health and food security, and the increasing consumer demand, understanding the mechanical behavior of these materials under various conditions is necessary yet challenging. Due to their heterogeneous and non-uniform nature, determining their mechanical behavior is complex. This study employs atomic force microscopy (AFM) to determine the modulus of elasticity of limequat fruit at the microscopic scale and compares it with macroscopic methods.

A methodological approach to preprocessing FTIR spectra of adulterated sesame oil.

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is established as an effective and fast method for the confirmation of the authenticity of food and among other, edible oils. However, no standard procedure is available for applying preprocessing as a vital step in obtaining accurate results from spectra. This study proposes a methodological approach to preprocessing FTIR spectra of sesame oil adulterated with vegetable oils (canola oil, corn oil, and sunflower oil).

An evaluation of IR spectroscopy for authentication of adulterated turmeric powder using pattern recognition.

Turmeric powder is a widely consumed spice, making it an attractive target for adulteration, which is not easily detected. The study examined the simultaneous use of IR spectroscopy in combination with controlled (PCA) and uncontrolled (PLS-DA and CMCA) pattern recognition techniques to detect and classify Sudan Red, starch and metanil yellow fraud in turmeric powder nondestructively. The results showed that the two major peaks in turmeric powder at 1625 cm and 1600 cm are not present in Sudan Red, starch and metanil yellow because these materials lack this functional group.

The study and comparison of elastic modulus of pineapple fruit in macroscopic and microscopic modes.

According to bibliography, elastic modulus studies of agricultural produce at the macro-scale using a resistance measuring (as Magness-Taylor penetration test or compression test) by an Instron Universal Mechanical Testing Machine is often used to express this characteristic. However, the determination of the elastic properties of agricultural produce at the macro-scale result widely varying values for a particular agricultural produce. So in this study, to decrease the variability which now exists in the elastic modulus results of agricultural produce measured at the macro-scale, measuring and comparison of the elastic modulus of agricultural produce, pineapple fruit as case study, in macroscopic (by Hook's theory on the cylindrical specimen and Hertz theory in the mode of spherical indenter contact on the whole specimen) and microscopic (by atomic force microscopy) modes was investigate.

Determination of texture properties of banana fruit cells with an atomic force microscope: A case study on elastic modulus and stiffness.

Characterization of biological materials with their elasto-mechanical properties is considered essential for understanding their nature. In addition, elasto-mechanical studies at the macroscale are frequently used to determine these characteristics by a resistance measurement such as the Magness-Taylor penetration test or compression test using an Instron Universal Mechanical Testing Machine. In this regard, the atomic force microscopy (AFM) was presented as a new method for identifying the alterations of elasto-mechanical properties at a nanoscale.

Pattern recognition-based Raman spectroscopy for non-destructive detection of pomegranates during maturity.

In this study, the feasibility of utilizing Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy, combined with supervised and unsupervised pattern recognition methods was considered, to distinguish the maturity stage of pomegranate "Ashraf variety" during four distinct maturity stages between 88 and 143 days after full bloom. Principal component analysis (PCA) as an unsupervised pattern recognition method was performed to verify the possibility of clustering of the pomegranate samples into four groups. Two supervised pattern recognition techniques namely, partial least squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) and Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy (SIMCA) were also used as powerful supervised pattern recognition methods to classify the samples.

Instrumental measurement of pomegranate texture during four maturity stages.

Texture of pomegranate fruit and arils are the main quality attributes in the food process industries. In this study, the texture properties of pomegranate fruit and arils (cv. "Ashraf") at four different stage of maturity (88, 109, 124, and 143 days after full bloom) were evaluated using the puncture test (rupture force and rupture energy) and compression test (bioyield force, rupture energy, and young modulus).

Evaluation the effects of some relevant parameters on elastic modulus of pumpkin seed and its kernel.

The elastic modulus of two varieties of Iranian pumpkin seed and its kernel (namely, Zaria and Gaboor) were evaluated as a function of size (large, medium, and small), loading rate (2, 5, 8, and 10 mm/min), and moisture content (4, 7.8, 14, and 20% d.b) under quasistatic compression loading.