Clinical Applications, Legal Considerations and Implementation Challenges of Smartphone-Based Thermography: A Scoping Review.

Medical thermography is a non-invasive technique that allows the measurement of the temperature of the human body surface, exploiting the heat emitted by the body through the skin in the form of infrared electromagnetic radiation. Recently, smartphone-based thermography (ST) has drawn considerable attention. This scoping review (SR) aims to describe its current applications and reliability based on currently available research findings, also taking into account the medico-legal implications linked to its use.

Development and Characterization of a 13-Plex Binding Assay to Detect Antibodies in Human Samples.

is the leading bacterial cause of diarrhea worldwide, with increasing levels of antibiotic resistance. The greatest burden is among children aged <5 years in low- and middle-income countries, and efforts are ongoing to develop vaccines against this pathogen. One of the challenges associated with the development of a vaccine against is the need for a multivalent vaccine covering the most prevalent serotypes.

Anti-tumor activity and biomarker analysis for TROP2-antibody drug conjugate Datopotamab deruxtecan in patient-derived breast cancer xenograft models.

Background: Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd), is a humanized anti-TROP2 IgG1 monoclonal antibody linked to a potent topoisomerase I inhibitor payload (DXd). Dato-DXd has already shown antitumor activity in breast cancer; however, the determinants of response, including the importance of TROP2 expression, remain unclear. We tested the activity of Dato-DXd in a panel of breast cancer patient-derived xenografts (BCXs) varying in TROP2 expression.

Utilizing Patient-derived Xenografts to Model Precision Oncology for Biliary Tract Cancer.

Purpose: Biliary tract cancers (BTCs), which are rare and aggressive malignancies, are rich in clinically actionable molecular alterations. A major challenge in the field is the paucity of clinically relevant BTC models which recapitulate the diverse molecular profiles of these tumors. The purpose of this study was to curate a collection of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models that reflect the spectrum of genomic alterations present in BTCs to create a resource for modeling precision oncology.

The Effect of Ultra-Late Cranioplasty in a Patient with Long-Term Disorders of Consciousness.

Background/objectives: Cranioplasty (CP) is the main surgical procedure aiming to repair a morphological defect in the skull. It has been shown that early CP is useful for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) to achieve functional recovery, whereas few studies have investigated the clinical effects of ultra-late CP on TBI outcomes.

Methods: Here, we describe the clinical course over 2 years of a TBI patient who underwent CP 19 months after fronto-parietal decompressive craniectomy (DC) of a limited size.

PRECISE: Preoperative Radiation Therapy to Elicit Critical Immune Stimulating Effects-A Phase 2 Clinical Trial.

Purpose: Radiation therapy is an underinvestigated tool for priming the immune system in intact human breast cancers. We sought here to investigate if a preoperative radiation therapy boost delivered was associated with a significant change in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the tumor in estrogen receptor positive, HER2Neu nonamplified breast cancers.

Methods And Materials: A total of 20 patients were enrolled in a phase 2 clinical trial and received either 7.

A Pan-Cancer Patient-Derived Xenograft Histology Image Repository with Genomic and Pathologic Annotations Enables Deep Learning Analysis.

Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) model human intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity in the context of the intact tissue of immunocompromised mice. Histologic imaging via hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining is routinely performed on PDX samples, which could be harnessed for computational analysis. Prior studies of large clinical H&E image repositories have shown that deep learning analysis can identify intercellular and morphologic signals correlated with disease phenotype and therapeutic response.

Modeling 1-Cyano-4-Dimethylaminopyridine Tetrafluoroborate (CDAP) Chemistry to Design Glycoconjugate Vaccines with Desired Structural and Immunological Characteristics.

Glycoconjugation is a well-established technology for vaccine development: linkage of the polysaccharide (PS) antigen to an appropriate carrier protein overcomes the limitations of PS T-independent antigens, making them effective in infants and providing immunological memory. Glycoconjugate vaccines have been successful in reducing the burden of different diseases globally. However, many pathogens still require a vaccine, and many of them display a variety of glycans on their surface that have been proposed as key antigens for the development of high-valency glycoconjugate vaccines.

MYB expression by immunohistochemistry is highly specific and sensitive for detection of solid variant of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast among all triple-negative breast cancers.

Background: Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare subtype of triple-negative breast carcinoma. These low-grade tumours, which are treated by simple mastectomy and have an excellent prognosis compared to other triple-negative breast carcinomas. Solid-variant adenoid cystic carcinomas have basaloid features and are difficult to distinguish morphologically from other triple-negative breast cancers.

External Quality Assessment (EQA) scheme for serological diagnostic test for SARS-CoV-2 detection in Sicily Region (Italy), in the period 2020-2022.

Objectives: Since December 2019, worldwide public health has been exposed to a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by Coronavirus-2. Serological testing is necessary for retrospective assessment of seroprevalence rates, and the determination of vaccine response and duration of immunity. For this reason, it was necessary to introduce a panel of tests able to identify and quantify Covid-19 antibodies.

CD28 Costimulation Augments CAR Signaling in NK Cells via the LCK/CD3ζ/ZAP70 Signaling Axis.

Multiple factors in the design of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) influence CAR T-cell activity, with costimulatory signals being a key component. Yet, the impact of costimulatory domains on the downstream signaling and subsequent functionality of CAR-engineered natural killer (NK) cells remains largely unexplored. Here, we evaluated the impact of various costimulatory domains on CAR-NK cell activity, using a CD70-targeting CAR.

Heterogeneous Profile of ROR1 Protein Expression across Tumor Types.

The Wnt receptor ROR1 has generated increased interest as a cancer therapeutic target. Research on several therapeutic approaches involving this receptor is ongoing; however, ROR1 tissue expression remains understudied. We performed an immunohistochemistry analysis of ROR1 protein expression in a large cohort of multiple tumor and histologic types.

Epigenetic activation of SOX11 is associated with recurrence and progression of ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive breast cancer.

Background: Risk of recurrence and progression of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive cancer remains uncertain, emphasizing the need for developing predictive biomarkers of aggressive DCIS.

Methods: Human cell lines and mouse models of disease progression were analyzed for candidate risk predictive biomarkers identified and validated in two independent DCIS cohorts.

Results: RNA profiling of normal mammary and DCIS tissues (n = 48) revealed that elevated SOX11 expression correlates with MKI67, EZH2, and DCIS recurrence score.

Technical and health governance aspects of the external quality assessment system for classical and new psychoactive substances analysis testing in blood.

New psychoactive substances (NPS) are uncontrolled analogues of existing drugs or newly synthesized chemicals that exhibit psychopharmacological effects. Due to their diverse nature, composition, and increasing prevalence, they present significant challenges to the healthcare system and drug control policies. In response, healthcare system laboratories have developed analytical methods to detect NPS in biological samples.

Development of a visual Adhesion/Invasion Inhibition Assay to assess the functionality of -specific antibodies.

Introduction: is the etiologic agent of a bacillary dysentery known as shigellosis, which causes millions of infections and thousands of deaths worldwide each year due to 's unique lifestyle within intestinal epithelial cells. Cell adhesion/invasion assays have been extensively used not only to identify targets mediating host-pathogen interaction, but also to evaluate the ability of -specific antibodies to reduce virulence. However, these assays are time-consuming and labor-intensive and fail to assess differences at the single-cell level.

Development and Application of a High-Throughput Method for the Purification and Analysis of Surface Carbohydrates from .

(Kp) is a Gram-negative bacterium, and a leading cause of neonatal sepsis in low- and middle-income countries, often associated with anti-microbial resistance. Two types of polysaccharides are expressed on the Kp cell surface and have been proposed as key antigens for vaccine design: capsular polysaccharides (known as K-antigens, K-Ags) and O-antigens (O-Ags). Historically, Kp has been classified using capsule serotyping and although 186 distinct genotypes have been predicted so far based on sequence analysis, many structures are still unknown.

Translational Aspects in Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MpBC) is a rare, heterogeneous group of invasive breast carcinomas, which are classified as predominantly triple-negative breast carcinomas (TNBCs; HR-negative/HER2-negative). Histologically, MpBC is classified into six subtypes.

decorations in play a key role in eliciting functional immune responses against heterologous serovars in animal models.

Introduction: Different serovars of Salmonella enterica cause systemic diseases in humans including enteric fever, caused by S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A, and invasive nontyphoidal salmonellosis (iNTS), caused mainly by S.

STAT3 protects hematopoietic stem cells by preventing activation of a deleterious autocrine type-I interferon response.

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) maintain blood-forming and immune activity, yet intrinsic regulators of HSPCs remain elusive. STAT3 function in HSPCs has been difficult to dissect as Stat3-deficiency in the hematopoietic compartment induces systemic inflammation, which can impact HSPC activity. Here, we developed mixed bone marrow (BM) chimeric mice with inducible Stat3 deletion in 20% of the hematopoietic compartment to avoid systemic inflammation.

Pan-cancer proteogenomics characterization of tumor immunity.

Despite the successes of immunotherapy in cancer treatment over recent decades, less than <10%-20% cancer cases have demonstrated durable responses from immune checkpoint blockade. To enhance the efficacy of immunotherapies, combination therapies suppressing multiple immune evasion mechanisms are increasingly contemplated. To better understand immune cell surveillance and diverse immune evasion responses in tumor tissues, we comprehensively characterized the immune landscape of more than 1,000 tumors across ten different cancers using CPTAC pan-cancer proteogenomic data.

Co-clinical Trial of Novel Bispecific Anti-HER2 Antibody Zanidatamab in Patient-Derived Xenografts.

Unlabelled: Zanidatamab is a bispecific human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted antibody that has demonstrated antitumor activity in a broad range of HER2-amplified/expressing solid tumors. We determined the antitumor activity of zanidatamab in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models developed from pretreatment or postprogression biopsies on the first-in-human zanidatamab phase I study (NCT02892123). Of 36 tumors implanted, 19 PDX models were established (52.

Tumor- and circulating-free DNA methylation identifies clinically relevant small cell lung cancer subtypes.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy composed of distinct transcriptional subtypes, but implementing subtyping in the clinic has remained challenging, particularly due to limited tissue availability. Given the known epigenetic regulation of critical SCLC transcriptional programs, we hypothesized that subtype-specific patterns of DNA methylation could be detected in tumor or blood from SCLC patients. Using genomic-wide reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) in two cohorts totaling 179 SCLC patients and using machine learning approaches, we report a highly accurate DNA methylation-based classifier (SCLC-DMC) that can distinguish SCLC subtypes.

Wessex Head Injury Matrix in Patients with Prolonged Disorders of Consciousness: A Reliability Study.

The Wessex Head Injury Matrix (WHIM) was developed to assess patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) and was tested in terms of inter-rater reliability (IRR) and test-retest reliability (TRR) in the year 2000. The American Congress of Rehabilitation and Medicine reported that IRR and TRR were unproven. We aim to assess the reliability of the WHIM in prolonged DOC patients (PDOC).

Exploration of cancer associated fibroblasts phenotypes in the tumor microenvironment of classical and pleomorphic Invasive Lobular Carcinoma.

Unlabelled: As the second most common subtype of breast carcinoma, Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC) microenvironment features have not been thoroughly explored. ILC has different histological subtypes and elucidating differences in their microenvironments could lead to a comprehensive development of cancer therapies. We designed a custom-made cancer associated fibroblast (CAFs) panel and used multiplex immunofluorescence to identify the differences in tumor microenvironment between Classic ILC and Pleomorphic ILC.