Cross-generational bacterial strain transfer to an infant after fecal microbiota transplantation to a pregnant patient: a case report.

Background: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) effectively prevents the recurrence of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Long-term engraftment of donor-specific microbial consortia may occur in the recipient, but potential further transfer to other sites, including the vertical transmission of donor-specific strains to future generations, has not been investigated. Here, we report, for the first time, the cross-generational transmission of specific bacterial strains from an FMT donor to a pregnant patient with CDI and further to her child, born at term, 26 weeks after the FMT treatment.

Asthma in elite athletes - do they have Type 2 or non-Type 2 disease? A new insight on the endotypes among elite athletes.

Asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction are highly prevalent in elite athletes compared with the general population. Some athletes have classic asthma with allergic sensitization; however, it seems that a proportion of athletes develop asthma as a result of several years of intensive training. It leads us to believe that asthma in athletes consists of at least two distinct endotypes - classic early-onset, Type 2 mediated asthma, and asthma with later onset caused by exercise which might be classified as non-Type 2 asthma.

A population-based study on social inequality and barriers to healthcare-seeking with lung cancer symptoms.

Healthcare-seeking with lung cancer symptoms is a prerequisite for improving timely diagnosis of lung cancer. In this study we aimed to explore barriers towards contacting the general practitioner (GP) with lung cancer symptoms, and to analyse the impact of social inequality. The study is based on a nationwide survey with 69,060 individuals aged ≥40 years, randomly selected from the Danish population.

Agreement between standard and continuous wireless vital sign measurements after major abdominal surgery: a clinical comparison study.

. Continuous wireless monitoring outside the post-anesthesia or intensive care units may enable early detection of patient deterioration, but good accuracy of measurements is required. We aimed to assess the agreement between vital signs recorded by standard and novel wireless devices in postoperative patients.

Unprocessed red meat in the dietary treatment of obesity: a randomized controlled trial of beef supplementation during weight maintenance after successful weight loss.

Background: Consumption of unprocessed red meat in randomized trials has no adverse effects on cardiovascular risk factors and body weight, but its physiological effects during weight loss maintenance are not known.

Objectives: We sought to investigate the effects of healthy diets that include small or large amounts of red meat on the maintenance of lost weight after successful weight loss, and secondarily on body composition (DXA), resting energy expenditure (REE; indirect calorimetry), and cardiometabolic risk factors.

Methods: In this 5-mo parallel randomized intervention trial, 108 adults with BMI 28-40 kg/m2 (45 males/63 females) underwent an 8-wk rapid weight loss period, and those who lost ≥8% body weight (n = 80) continued to ad libitum weight maintenance diets for 12 wk: a moderate-protein diet with 25 g beef/d (B25, n = 45) or a high-protein diet with 150 g beef/d (B150, n = 35).

The Health Effects of Real-World Dual Use of Electronic and Conventional Cigarettes versus the Health Effects of Exclusive Smoking of Conventional Cigarettes: A Systematic Review.

Background: A high prevalence of dual use of e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes has been reported across the world.

Methods: A systematic search was carried out. We included original articles on any topic relevant to health, excluding mental health, in all languages.

Continuous wireless pre- and postoperative vital sign monitoring reveal new, severe desaturations after vascular surgery.

Objectives: Postoperative deviating physiologic values (vital signs) may represent postoperative stress or emerging complications. But they can also reflect chronic preoperative values. Distinguishing between the two circumstances may influence the utility of using vital signs in patient monitoring.

Merck/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Varicella Vaccine Pregnancy Registry: 19-Year Summary of Data From Inception Through Closure, 1995-2013.

Background: The VARIVAX® Pregnancy Registry was established in 1995 to monitor pregnancy outcomes of women who received varicella vaccine (ie, VARIVAX) inadvertently while pregnant.

Methods: Health care providers and consumers sent voluntary reports about women who received VARIVAX 3 months before or during pregnancy. Follow-up occurred to evaluate pregnancy outcomes for birth defects.

Using Deep Learning to Predict Final HER2 Status in Invasive Breast Cancers That are Equivocal (2+) by Immunohistochemistry.

Invasive breast carcinomas are routinely tested for HER2 using immunohistochemistry (IHC), with reflex in situ hybridization (ISH) for those scored as equivocal (2+). ISH testing is expensive, time-consuming, and not universally available. In this study, we trained a deep learning algorithm to directly predict HER2 gene amplification status from HER2 2+ IHC slides.

Risk factors and recurrence of cause-specific postpartum hemorrhage: A population-based study.

Objective: To explore risk profiles of the different types of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH >500ml or severe PPH >1500ml) and their recurrence risks in a subsequent delivery.

Methods: With data from The Medical Birth Registry of Norway and Statistics Norway we performed a population-based cohort study including all singleton deliveries in Norway from 1967-2017. Multilevel logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratio (OR), with 95% confidence interval (CI), with different PPH types (PPH >500ml or PPH >1500ml (severe PPH) combined with retained placenta, uterine atony, obstetric trauma, dystocia, or undefined cause) as outcomes.

variant-expressing endothelial cells exhibit autophagic dysfunction and mitochondrial stress.

Polymorphisms in the Apolipoprotein L1 () gene are common in ancestrally African populations, and associate with kidney injury and cardiovascular disease. These risk variants (RV) provide an advantage in resisting , the causal agent of African trypanosomiasis, and are largely absent from non-African genomes. Clinical associations between the high risk genotype (HRG) and disease are stronger in those with comorbid infectious or immune disease.

Molecular Tuning in Diaryl-Capped Pyrrolo[2,3-:5,4-']bisthiazoles: Effects of Terminal Aryl Unit and Comparison to Dithieno[3,2-:2',3'-]pyrrole Analogues.

A series of six conjugated oligomers consisting of a central pyrrolo[2,3-:5,4-']bisthiazole (PBTz) end-capped with either thienyl, furyl, or phenyl groups have been prepared from -alkyl-and -aryl-pyrrolo[2,3-:5,4-']bisthiazoles via Stille and Negishi cross-coupling. The full oligomeric series was thoroughly investigated via photophysical and electrochemical studies, in parallel with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, in order to correlate the cumulative effects of both aryl end-groups and -functionalization on the resulting optical and electronic properties. Through comparison with the analogous dithieno[3,2-:2',3'-]pyrrole (DTP) materials, the effect of replacing DTP with PBTz on the material HOMO energy and visible light absorption is quantified.

Machine learning and deep learning applications in microbiome research.

The many microbial communities around us form interactive and dynamic ecosystems called microbiomes. Though concealed from the naked eye, microbiomes govern and influence macroscopic systems including human health, plant resilience, and biogeochemical cycling. Such feats have attracted interest from the scientific community, which has recently turned to machine learning and deep learning methods to interrogate the microbiome and elucidate the relationships between its composition and function.

Coupled atmosphere-ice-ocean dynamics during Heinrich Stadial 2.

Our understanding of climate dynamics during millennial-scale events is incomplete, partially due to the lack of their precise phase analyses under various boundary conditions. Here we present nine speleothem oxygen-isotope records from mid-to-low-latitude monsoon regimes with sub-centennial age precision and multi-annual resolution, spanning the Heinrich Stadial 2 (HS2) - a millennial-scale event that occurred at the Last Glacial Maximum. Our data suggests that the Greenland and Antarctic ice-core chronologies require +320- and +400-year adjustments, respectively, supported by extant volcanic evidence and radiocarbon ages.

Personality traits as predictors of OCD remission: A longitudinal study.

Background: Personality traits may confer vulnerability to psychopathology. However, few studies have examined the association between personality traits and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) course. The present study investigates personality traits, OCD symptom severity, and illness duration as a predictor of OCD remission.

The population genomic legacy of the second plague pandemic.

Human populations have been shaped by catastrophes that may have left long-lasting signatures in their genomes. One notable example is the second plague pandemic that entered Europe in ca. 1,347 CE and repeatedly returned for over 300 years, with typical village and town mortality estimated at 10%-40%.

Role of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide on the Gastrointestinal Symptoms of Migraine-Clinical Considerations: A Narrative Review.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is involved in several of the pathophysiologic processes underpinning migraine attacks. Therapies that target CGRP or its receptor have shown efficacy as preventive or acute treatments for migraine. Two small-molecule CGRP receptor antagonists (rimegepant and ubrogepant) are approved for the acute treatment of migraine, and 4 monoclonal antibodies (eptinezumab, erenumab, fremanezumab, and galcanezumab) are approved for migraine prevention; erenumab targets the canonical CGRP receptor, the others CGRP ligand.

Bridging of a Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Oxytetracycline, Chlortetracycline, and Tetracycline in Bovine Kidney with the Official Microbial Growth Inhibition Assay.

Background: Oxytetracycline (OTC), chlortetracycline (CTC), and tetracycline (TC) are approved antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections in cattle. To ensure human food safety, a tolerance has been established for the sum of these three TC residues as 12 parts per million in bovine kidney in the United States The current official regulatory method for quantifying these antibiotics in the target organ is a labor-intensive microbiological assay.

Objective: Our laboratory developed and validated a fast, selective, and less laborious method utilizing LC-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination and confirmation of the three tetracyclines (TET) in bovine kidney.

Prediction of Serious Adverse Events from Nighttime Vital Signs Values.

The period directly following surgery is critical for patients as they are at risk of infections and other types of complications, often summarized as severe adverse events (SAE). We hypothesize that impending complications might alter the circadian rhythm and, therefore, be detectable during the night before. We propose a SMOTE-enhanced XGBoost prediction model that classifies nighttime vital signs depending on whether they precede a serious adverse event or come from a patient that does not have a complication at all, based on data from 450 postoperative patients.

Forecasting of Continuous Vital Sign Using Multivariate Auto-Regressive Models.

This project assessed the use of multivariate auto-regressive (MAR) models to create forecasts of continuous vital signs in hospitalized patients. A total of 20 hours continuous (1/60Hz) heart rate and respiration rate from eight postoperative patients, where used to fit a centered MAR model for forecasting in windows of 15 minutes. The model was fitted using Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling, and the model was evaluated on data from five additional patients.

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among health and social care workers during mass vaccination in Scotland.

Health and social care workers (HSCWs) have an essential role in the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccination is an emotionally charged issue and perceptions of risk associated with COVID19 can contribute towards vaccine hesitancy (VH). The aim of this study was to explore the role of emotion and risk perception associated with HSCWs' uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine during the initial mass roll-out of the vaccine in Scotland.