Awake versus asleep deep brain stimulation targeting the caudal zona incerta for essential tremor.

To compare awake and asleep deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery for Essential Tremor (ET), we conducted this retrospective cohort study of patients consecutively operated with DBS targeting the caudal Zona incerta (cZi). 37 underwent surgery awake and 55 asleep. Tremor before surgery and on/off stimulation one year after surgery were evaluated using the Essential Tremor Rating Scale (ETRS).

Long-Term Follow-Up of Unilateral Deep Brain Stimulation Targeting the Caudal Zona Incerta in 13 Patients with Parkinsonian Tremor.

Introduction: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) and other movement disorders. The ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus is considered as the target of choice for tremor disorders, including tremor-dominant PD not suitable for DBS in the subthalamic nucleus (STN). In the last decade, several studies have shown promising results on tremor from DBS in the posterior subthalamic area (PSA), including the caudal zona incerta (cZi) located posteromedial to the STN.

10 Years Follow-Up of Deep Brain Stimulation in the Caudal Zona Incerta/Posterior Subthalamic Area for Essential Tremor.

Background: Long-term data on the effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for essential tremor (ET) is scarce, especially regarding DBS in the caudal Zona incerta (cZi) and the posterior subthalamic area (PSA).

Objectives: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the effect of cZi/PSA DBS in ET at 10 years after surgery.

Methods: Thirty-four patients were included.

Deep Brain Stimulation of Caudal Zona Incerta for Parkinson's Disease: One-Year Follow-Up and Electric Field Simulations.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of bilateral caudal zona incerta (cZi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease (PD) one year after surgery and to create anatomical improvement maps based on patient-specific simulation of the electric field.

Materials And Methods: We report the one-year results of bilateral cZi-DBS in 15 patients with PD. Patients were evaluated on/off medication and stimulation using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS).

Short- and long-term cognitive effects of deep brain stimulation in the caudal zona incerta versus best medical treatment in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Objective: A growing number of studies are showing positive effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the caudal zona incerta (cZi) in various tremor disorders, as well as motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). The focus of the present study was to evaluate short- and long-term cognitive effects of bilateral cZi DBS in patients with PD.

Methods: Twenty-five nondemented patients with advanced PD were recruited to participate in a randomized trial of cZi DBS versus best medical treatment (BMT).

Noradrenaline is crucial for the substantia nigra dopaminergic cell maintenance.

In Parkinson's disease, degeneration of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons is accompanied by damage on other neuronal systems. A severe denervation is for example seen in the locus coerulean noradrenergic system. Little is known about the relation between noradrenergic and dopaminergic degeneration, and the effects of noradrenergic denervation on the function of the dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra are not fully understood.

Deep brain stimulation in the caudal zona incerta versus best medical treatment in patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomised blinded evaluation.

Background: Several open-label studies have shown good effect of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the caudal zona incerta (cZi) on tremor, including parkinsonian tremor, and in some cases also a benefit on akinesia and axial symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate objectively the effect of cZi DBS in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Method: 25 patients with PD were randomised to either cZi DBS or best medical treatment.