Open-Source Anaerobic Digestion Modeling Platform, Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 Fast (ADM1F).

An open-source modeling platform, called Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 Fast (ADM1F), is introduced to achieve fast and numerically stable simulations of anaerobic digestion processes. ADM1F is compatible with an iPython interface to facilitate model configuration, simulation, data analysis, and visualization.

Lower reporting of venous thromboembolisms events with natural estrogen-based combined oral contraceptives compared to ethinylestradiol-containing pills: A disproportionality analysis of the Eudravigilance database.

Objectives: Pharmacovigilance data analysis can accelerate the identification of drug-related safety signals or reassure on the safety profile. This study evaluates the venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk of newer combined oral contraceptive (COC) formulations with natural estrogens, such as estradiol (E2) and estetrol (E4), using data from the EudraVigilance database.

Study Design: We conducted a disproportionality reporting rate analysis of VTE events associated with various COC formulations by extracting individual case reports from EudraVigilance database up to July 28, 2024.

Are natural estrogens used in contraception at lower risk of venous thromboembolism than synthetic ones? A systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) poses a significant global health challenge, notably exacerbated by the use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs). Evidence mainly focuses on the type of progestogen used in COCs to establish the increased risk of VTE with less data assessed on the type of estrogen used. This meta-analysis aims to assess the risk of VTE associated with COCs containing synthetic estrogens like ethinylestradiol (EE) versus natural estrogens like estradiol (E2).

Source-to-tap investigation of the occurrence of nontuberculous mycobacteria in a full-scale chloraminated drinking water system.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in drinking water are a significant public health concern. However, an incomplete understanding of the factors that influence the occurrence of NTM in drinking water limits our ability to characterize risk and prevent infection. This study sought to evaluate the influence of season and water treatment, distribution, and stagnation on NTM in drinking water.

Investigating the suitability of online flow cytometry for monitoring full-scale drinking water ozone system disinfection effectiveness.

While online monitoring of physicochemical parameters has widely been incorporated into drinking water treatment systems, online microbial monitoring has lagged behind, resulting in the use of surrogate parameters (disinfectant residual, applied dose, concentration × time, CT) to assess disinfection system performance. Online flow cytometry (online FCM) allows for automated quantification of total and intact microbial cells. This study sought to investigate the feasibility of online FCM for full-scale drinking water ozone disinfection system performance monitoring.

Toward the autonomous flushing of building plumbing: Characterizing oxidation-reduction potential and temperature sensor dynamics.

Manual flushing of building plumbing is commonly used to address water quality issues that arise from water stagnation. Autonomous flushing informed by sensors has the potential to aid in the management of building plumbing, but a number of knowledge gaps hinder its application. This study evaluates autonomous flushing of building plumbing with online sensor and actuator nodes deployed under kitchen sinks in five residential houses.

A time-course prediction model of global COVID-19 mortality.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused over 6 million deaths worldwide and is a significant cause of mortality. Mortality dynamics vary significantly by country due to pathogen, host, social and environmental factors, in addition to vaccination and treatments. However, there is limited data on the relative contribution of different explanatory variables, which may explain changes in mortality over time.

Simulating Rumen Conditions Using an Anaerobic Dynamic Membrane Bioreactor to Enhance Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass.

An anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactor (AnDMBR) mimicking rumen conditions was developed to enhance the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials and the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) when treating food waste. The AnDMBR was inoculated with cow rumen content and operated at a 0.5 day hydraulic retention time, 2-4 day solids retention time, a temperature of 39 °C, and a pH of 6.

Effects of error, chimera, bias, and GC content on the accuracy of amplicon sequencing.

Amplicon sequencing of targeted genes is the predominant approach to estimate the membership and structure of microbial communities. However, accurate reconstruction of community composition is difficult due to sequencing errors, and other methodological biases and effective approaches to overcome these challenges are essential. Using a mock community of 33 phylogenetically diverse strains, this study evaluated the effect of GC content on sequencing results and tested different approaches to improve overall sequencing accuracy while characterizing the pros and cons of popular amplicon sequence data processing approaches.

Evaluation of Nanaerobic Digestion as a Mechanism to Explain Surplus Methane Production in Animal Rumina and Engineered Digesters.

Nanaerobes are a newly described class of microorganisms that use a unique cytochrome oxidase to achieve nanaerobic respiration at <2 μM dissolved oxygen (∼1% of atmospheric oxygen) but are not viable above this value due to the lack of other terminal oxidases. Although sharing an overlapping ecological niche with methanogenic archaea, the role of nanaerobes in methanogenic systems has not been studied so far. To explore their occurrence and significance, we re-analyzed published meta-omic datasets from animal rumina and waste-to-energy digesters, including conventional anaerobic digesters and anaerobic digesters with ultra-low oxygenation.

Environmental life cycle assessment of treatment and management strategies for food waste and sewage sludge.

A consequential life cycle assessment (LCA) was utilized to compare the environmental impacts of food waste and sewage sludge management strategies. The strategies included a novel two-phase anaerobic digestion (AD) system and alternatives including landfill, waste-to-energy, composting, anaerobic membrane bioreactor, and conventional AD (wet continuous stirred-tank reactor [CSTR]). The co-management of food waste with sewage sludge was also considered for the two-phase AD system and for a conventional AD reactor.

Low-cost informational intervention reduced drinking water arsenic exposure in Bangladesh.

Thirty million Bangladeshis continue to drink water with unacceptable levels of arsenic (>10 μg/L), resulting in a large public health burden. The vast majority of the Bangladeshi population relies on private wells, and less than 12% use piped water, increasing the complexity of mitigation efforts. While mass testing and informational campaigns were successful in the early 2,000 s, they have received little attention in recent years, even though the number of wells in the country has likely more than doubled.

Competitive Reactions during Ethanol Chain Elongation Were Temporarily Suppressed by Increasing Hydrogen Partial Pressure through Methanogenesis Inhibition.

Organic waste streams can be converted into high-value platform chemicals such as medium-chain carboxylic acids (MCCAs) using mixed microbial communities via chain elongation. However, the heterogeneity of waste streams and the use of complex microbial communities can lead to undesirable reactions, thus decreasing process efficiency. We explored suppressing excessive ethanol oxidation to acetate (EEO) by increasing the hydrogen partial pressure (P) through hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis inhibition by periodically adding 2-bromoethanesulfonate (2-BES) to an MCCA-producing bioreactor to reach 10 mM of 2-BES upon addition.

A snapshot of the global drinking water virome: Diversity and metabolic potential vary with residual disinfectant use.

Viruses are important drivers of microbial community ecology and evolution, influencing microbial mortality, metabolism, and horizontal gene transfer. However, the effects of viruses remain largely unknown in many environments, including in drinking water systems. Drinking water metagenomic studies have offered a whole community perspective of bacterial impacts on water quality, but have not yet considered the influences of viruses.

Tenets of a holistic approach to drinking water-associated pathogen research, management, and communication.

In recent years, drinking water-associated pathogens that can cause infections in immunocompromised or otherwise susceptible individuals (henceforth referred to as DWPI), sometimes referred to as opportunistic pathogens or opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens, have received considerable attention. DWPI research has largely been conducted by experts focusing on specific microorganisms or within silos of expertise. The resulting mitigation approaches optimized for a single microorganism may have unintended consequences and trade-offs for other DWPI or other interests (e.

Anaerobic co-digestion of various organic wastes: Kinetic modeling and synergistic impact evaluation.

Anaerobic mono- and co-digestion of coffee pulp (CP), cattle manure (CM), food waste (FW) and dewatered sewage sludge (DSS), were assessed using biochemical methane potential tests. The effects of two different inocula, anaerobically digested cattle manure (ADCM) and anaerobically digested waste activated sludge (ADWAS), and five different co-feedstock ratios for CP:CM and FW:DSS (1:0, 4:1, 2:1, 4:3, and 0:1) on specific methane yields were also evaluated. Mono-digestions of both CP and FW yielded the highest methane yield compared to the co-digestion ratios examined.

Tetracycline, sulfadimethoxine, and antibiotic resistance gene dynamics during anaerobic digestion of dairy manure.

Antibiotic use in animal husbandry is a potential entryway for antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to enter the environment through manure fertilizer application. The potential of anaerobic digestion (AD) to remove antibiotics and ARGs was investigated through tetracycline (TC) and sulfadimethoxine (SDM) additions into dairy manure digested for 44 d. This was the first study to evaluate antibiotics at concentrations quantified on-farm and relevant to field applications of manure.

Anaerobic co-digestion: Current status and perspectives.

Anaerobic digestion is a long-established technology for the valorization of diverse organic wastes with concomitant generation of valuable resources. However, mono-digestion (i.e.