Molecular clustering on ctDNA improves the prognostic stratification of DLBCL patients compared to ctDNA levels.

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) levels can help predict outcomes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), but its integration with DLBCL molecular clusters remains unexplored. Using the LymphGen tool in 77 DLBCL with both ctDNA and tissue biopsy, a 95.8% concordance rate in molecular cluster assignment was observed, showing the reproducibility of molecular clustering on ctDNA.

Immunoglobulin light chain mutational status refines IGHV prognostic value in identifying chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with early treatment requirement.

The mutational status of immunoglobulin (IG) light chain genes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and its clinical impact have not been extensively studied. To assess their prognostic significance, the IG light chain gene repertoire in CLL patients has been evaluated using a training-validation approach. In the training cohort (N = 573 CLL), 92.

Recovery of short-chain organic acids (SCOAs) obtained from anaerobic fermentation process.

Short-chain organic acids (SCOAs) are the intermediates in the anaerobic fermentation process, and can be used in food, textile, and pharmaceutical industries to produce different end use products. SCOAs can be separated, purified, and concentrated by different processes, such as distillation, extraction or membrane-based systems. SCOAs production adds more profitable possibilities to an acidic fermentation process by integration these marketable acids as highly concentrated mixtures with other refinery processes.

The implications of management practices on life cycle greenhouse gas emissions in biogas production.

Biogas production is seen as one of the key measures in circular economy providing several benefits for the environment. In practice, however, these benefits may not be achieved if the production is not implemented and managed in ways that reduce gaseous emissions. Thus, this study aimed at highlighting how different management practices impact the climate during the life cycle of biogas production in comparison to management without biogas production (reference).

Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Agricultural Biomass in Leach-Bed Reactors.

This study focuses on the feasibility of the dry anaerobic digestion of solid agricultural biomass for efficient renewable-energy production and nutrient recycling. Methane production and the amount of nitrogen in the digestates were measured in pilot- and farm-scale leach-bed reactors. In the pilot scale, with a digestion time of 133 days, the methane production of a mixture of whole crop fava bean and horse manure corresponded to 94% and 116%, respectively, of the methane potentials of the solid substrates.

Impacts of coniferous bark-derived organic soil amendments on microbial communities in arable soil - a microcosm study.

A decline in the carbon content of agricultural soils has been reported globally. Amendments of forest industry side-streams might counteract this. We tested the effects of industrial conifer bark and its cascade process materials on the soil microbiome under barley (Hordeum vulgare L.

Chemical and Microstructural Nanoscale Homogeneity in Superconducting YBaCuO Films Derived from Metal-Propionate Fluorine-free Solutions.

Research involved in developing alternative energy sources has become a necessity to face global warming. In this context, superconductivity is an appealing solution to enhance clean electrical energy provided that lower production costs can be attained. By implementation of chemical solution deposition techniques and high-throughput growth methods, low-cost nanostructured epitaxial cuprate superconductors are timely candidates.

Kinetic Control of Ultrafast Transient Liquid Assisted Growth of Solution-Derived YBa Cu O -x Superconducting Films.

Transient liquid assisted growth (TLAG) is an ultrafast non-equilibrium growth process mainly governed by kinetic parameters, which are only accessible through fast in situ characterizations. In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and in situ electrical resistivity measurements are used to derive kinetic diagrams of YBa Cu O (YBCO) superconducting films prepared via TLAG and to reveal the unique peculiarities of the process. In particular, diagrams for the phase evolution and the YBCO growth rates have been built for the two TLAG routes.

Clonally unrelated Richter syndrome are truly de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with a mutational profile reminiscent of clonally related Richter syndrome.

Richter syndrome (RS) is mostly due to the direct transformation of the chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) clone, as documented by the same immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region (IGHV) rearrangement in both CLL and RS cells. In rare cases characterized by a better outcome, the RS clone harbours a different IGHV rearrangement compared to the CLL phase. We investigated the CLL phase of clonally unrelated RS to test whether the RS clone was already identifiable prior to clinicopathologic transformation, albeit undetectable by conventional approaches.

Application of mathematical optimization to exploit regional nutrient recycling potential of biogas plant digestate.

Nutrients can be circulated back to agriculture from waste streams through anaerobic digestion and digestate processing. Digestate processing, however, is making slow progress as circulated nutrient products have not been cost competitive compared to fossil fertilizers and not designed from the farmer's perspective to truly match with the regional nutrient need. In this study, the aim is to assess apply mathematical optimization to the design of a cost-optimal processing route for a biogas plant's digestate to produce fertilizer products based on specified regional needs.

Changes in volatile fatty acid production and microbiome during fermentation of food waste from hospitality sector.

Due to the increasing demand for low carbon-footprint bioproducts in the markets, innovative processes technologies and products are needed. The objective of this study was to assess the quality and potential of food waste (FW) from the hospitality sector to produce volatile fatty acids (VFAs). A batch type acid fermentation system was used to study VFA production in different process conditions (a decreased pH and increased organic loading rate).

Multiregional sequencing and circulating tumour DNA analysis provide complementary approaches for comprehensive disease profiling of small lymphocytic lymphoma.

We aimed at molecularly dissecting the anatomical heterogeneity of small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), by analysing a cohort of 12 patients for whom paired DNA from a lymph node biopsy and circulating cells, as well as plasma-circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) was available. Notably, the analyses of the lymph node biopsy and of circulating cells complement each other since a fraction of mutations (20·4% and 36·4%, respectively) are unique to each compartment. Plasma ctDNA identified two additional unique mutations.

Effect of Inoculum Pretreatment on the Composition of Microbial Communities in Anaerobic Digesters Producing Volatile Fatty Acids.

Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are intermediates in the methane formation pathway of anaerobic digestion and can be produced through the fermentation of organic wastes. VFAs have become an anticipated resource- and cost-effective way to replace fossil resources with higher added value and more versatile fuels and chemicals. However, there are still challenges in the production of targeted compounds from diverse and complex biomasses, such as urban biowastes.

Ultrafast transient liquid assisted growth of high current density superconducting films.

The achievement of high growth rates in YBaCuO epitaxial high-temperature superconducting films has become strategic to enable high-throughput manufacturing of long length coated conductors for energy and large magnet applications. We report on a transient liquid assisted growth process capable of achieving ultrafast growth rates (100 nm s) and high critical current densities (5 MA cm at 77 K). This is based on the kinetic preference of Ba-Cu-O to form transient liquids prior to crystalline thermodynamic equilibrium phases, and as such is a non-equilibrium approach.

An update on: molecular genetics of high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

: During the past few years, new genomic approaches have elucidated the molecular genetics of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) to a large extent. As a consequence, specific high-risk genetic features of the disease, e.g.

Cascade processing of softwood bark with hot water extraction, pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion.

A process model based on hot water extraction (HWE), slow pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion (AD) were used for pine and spruce bark utilisation. First tannins (32 mg/g and 11.8 mg/g, respectively) and polyphenols were recovered via HWE.

Biological and clinical implications of mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

is a recurrently mutated gene in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) but the functional implications of mutations are largely unexplored. Furthermore, little is known about the prognostic impact of mutations in CLL cohorts homogeneously treated with first-line fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR). By immunoblotting analysis, we showed that the non-canonical nuclear factor-κB pathway is active in -mutated cell lines and in primary CLL samples, as documented by the stabilization of MAP3K14 and by the nuclear localization of p52.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma genotyping on the liquid biopsy.

Accessible and real-time genotyping for diagnostic, prognostic, or treatment purposes is increasingly impelling in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is shed into the blood by tumor cells undergoing apoptosis and can be used as source of tumor DNA for the identification of DLBCL mutations, clonal evolution, and genetic mechanisms of resistance. In this study, we aimed at tracking the basal DLBCL genetic profile and its modification upon treatment using plasma cfDNA.

Genetic lesions associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia chemo-refractoriness.

Fludarabine refractoriness (FR) represents an unsolved clinical problem of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) management. Although next-generation sequencing studies have led to the identification of a number of genes frequently mutated in FR-CLL, a comprehensive evaluation of the FR-CLL genome has not been reported. Toward this end, we studied 10 FR-CLLs by combining whole-exome sequencing and copy number aberration (CNA) analysis, which showed an average of 16.

Clinical impact of small TP53 mutated subclones in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

TP53 mutations are strong predictors of poor survival and refractoriness in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and have direct implications for disease management. Clinical information on TP53 mutations is limited to lesions represented in >20% leukemic cells. Here, we tested the clinical impact and prediction of chemorefractoriness of very small TP53 mutated subclones.

Association between molecular lesions and specific B-cell receptor subsets in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Genetic lesions and B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling are both oncogenic drivers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, scant data are available on preferential associations between specific genetic alterations and stereotyped BCR subsets. By analyzing 1419 cases, 2 CLL subsets (2 and 8) harboring stereotyped BCR are enriched in specific molecular alterations influencing disease course.