Triple-arm androgen blockade for advanced prostate cancer: a review.

Prostate cancer is estimated to be the second most common malignancy in men in the USA in 2020 and represents the second highest mortality from cancer behind lung and bronchial neoplasms. Management of advanced prostate cancer is evolving. Medical androgen deprivation therapy is currently a cornerstone of therapy for prostate cancer; however molecular mechanisms of resistance have emerged leading to castration-resistant prostate cancer that is proliferation of prostate cancer in the setting of low testosterone (< 50 ng/dl).

PARP inhibitors: shifting the paradigm in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer, being one of the most fatal cancers, is the 7th leading cause of death globally. Cancer that is resistant to current treatment proves that there is a need for personalized and targeted therapy, based on the tumor and genomic markers. Pembrolizumab and Larotrectinib are examples of current medications used as targeted therapy in pancreatic cancer.

A Needle in the Haystack: A Rare Case of Spontaneous Tumor Lysis in Newly Diagnosed Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Unmasked by Acute Renal Failure.

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is the phenomenon of metabolic derangements that typically follows the initiation of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Metabolic disturbances include hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia and hypocalcemia. Hematological malignancies are associated with spontaneous TLS (STLS), which is cell lysis in the absence of chemotherapy.

The Role of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Treatment of Extensive-Stage Extrapulmonary Small Cell Carcinoma.

Small cell carcinoma is a type of highly aggressive poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumor that can arise from multiple organs, including but not limited to bronchial tissue, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and genitourinary system. The most commonly studied type is small cell lung cancer (SCLC) which carries the worst prognosis among lung cancers. After multiple promising clinical trials, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network has recently added atezolizumab and durvalumab in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy/etoposide to the first-line treatment regimen for extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC).

Access to internet, smartphone usage, and acceptability of mobile health technology among cancer patients.

Purpose: The use of mobile health (mHealth) technologies to augment patient care enables providers to communicate remotely with patients enhancing the quality of care and patient engagement. Few studies evaluated predictive factors of its acceptance and subsequent implementation, especially in medically underserved populations.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 151 cancer patients was conducted at an academic medical center in the USA.

Clinical Advancement and Challenges of Expansion of Human Cord Blood Cells.

Apart from peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC), umbilical cord blood (UCB) is now a recognized source of stem cells for transplantation. UCB is an especially important source of stem cells for minority populations, which would otherwise be unable to find appropriately matched adult donors. UCB has fewer mature T lymphocytes compared with peripheral blood, thus making a UCB transplantation (UCBT) with a greater degree of HLA mismatch possible.

Current Status and Perspectives of Irradiation-Based Conditioning Regimens for Patients with Acute Leukemia Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia are the most common indications for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Total body irradiation (TBI) is an important part of conditioning regimens. TBI-based regimens offer advantages in sanctuary sites but are associated with significant risks of early and late side effects, including pulmonary toxicity, growth retardation, and second malignancy.

Acute Left Internal Carotid Artery and Right Popliteal Artery Occlusion Related to Cisplatin-Gemcitabine Based Chemotherapy.

Objectives: The increased risk of thromboembolic complications with active cancer is well known. We present this case to highlight that chemotherapy may increase the risk of thromboembolic events even further in cancer patients.

Methods: We report a case of a 64-year-old male with Diffuse Large B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma who presented with left-sided headache and right calf pain two weeks after starting Rituximab/Gemcitabine/Cisplatin/Dexamethasone chemotherapy.

Factors Underlying Racial Disparities in Sepsis Management.

Sepsis, a syndrome characterized by systemic inflammation during infection, continues to be one of the most common causes of patient mortality in hospitals across the United States. While standardized treatment protocols have been implemented, a wide variability in clinical outcomes persists across racial groups. Specifically, black and Hispanic populations are frequently associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality in sepsis compared to the white population.

Multiple Liver Nodules Mimicking Metastatic Disease as Initial Presentation of Multiple Myeloma.

Multiple myeloma is a malignant clonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow preceded by monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Initial presentation of multiple myeloma as extramedullary spread in soft tissues particularly in the liver is uncommon. We report a case of a 74-year-old African American female who presented with epigastric pain, hematemesis, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase.

Clinical outcomes of African American patients with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer on Nivolumab in a single community-based cancer center.

African Americans (AA) have the highest incidence and mortality rates with lung cancer. They are diagnosed at an earlier age with more advanced disease. Programmed cell death protein-1 inhibitor, Nivolumab, was approved as a second-line agent after failure of platinum-based therapy for advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Prospects of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in ovarian cancer.

Despite advances in various chemotherapy regimens, current therapeutic options are limited for ovarian cancer patients. Immunotherapy provides a promising and novel treatment option for ovarian cancer. Recently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has shown promising results in hematological tumors and current research is going on in various solid tumors like ovarian cancer.

Prognostic Scoring Systems in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Where Do We Stand?

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a potentially curative treatment for many hematologic disorders. Maximizing the benefit of transplantation for disease control while minimizing the risk for associated complications remains the field's leading challenge. This challenge has prompted the development of multiple prognostic scoring systems over the last 2 decades.