Evaluation of sporozoite and macroschizont antigen (Spm2) of Theileria annulata for its diagnostic potential.

Theileria are tick-borne apicomplexan parasites, which mainly infect ruminants in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The present study was directed to investigate the serological methods for the diagnosis of theileriosis in crossbred cattle. Blood samples (n = 176) were collected from the regional cattle populations of Bihar state situated at the Gangetic plains of India.

The effects of PPR on the reproductive health of Black Bengal goats and the possible role played by oxidative stress.

Outbreaks of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) viral disease in Black Bengal goats were investigated from the middle Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. Clinical profile of PPR-affected flocks was recorded from four different outbreak sites of the region. The PPR outbreak was diagnosed serologically using commercially available sandwich ELISA kit.

Protective effect of alcoholic extract of stem of Entada pursaetha in dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in mice.

Oxidative stress has been shown to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Entada pursaetha has been demonstrated to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of stem of alcoholic extract of E.

Effect of S-methylisothiourea, an inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, in joint pain and pathology in surgically induced model of osteoarthritis.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vivo modulatory effect of S-methylisothiourea (SMT), a preferential inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) on pain and pathology in the surgical model of osteoarthritis (OA) in rats. The OA was produced by the anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) and medial meniscectomy (MMx) of right knee. SMT was administered 1 day prior to the production of OA and continued up to day 42 postoperation.

Analgesic activity of Eugenia jambolana leave constituent: a dikaempferol rhamnopyranoside from ethyl acetate soluble fraction.

Context: Eugenia jambolana Lam. (Myrtaceae) is a medicinal plant used in folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes, inflammation, and pain.

Objective: We investigated the antinociceptive effect of kaempferol-7-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside]- 4'-O-4'-[kaempferol-7-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (EJ-01), isolated from the E.

Chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of S-methylisothiourea, an inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in cartilage and synovial explants model of osteoarthritis.

Objectives: To study the chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory potential of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor S-methylisothiourea (SMT) in in-vitro model.

Methods: Rabbit cartilage explants were stimulated with recombinant human interleukin 1β (rhIL-1β), and the chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of SMT were investigated. Rat synovial explants were stimulated with LPS, and the anti-inflammatory effect of SMT on synovium was studied.

Protective effect of alcoholic extract of Entada pursaetha DC. against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

The alcoholic extract of stem of E. pursaetha (PSE, 30, 100, 300 mg/kg body weight, po for 7 days) showed hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 (2 mL/kg body weight, ip)-induced hepatotoxicity. The extract exhibited a significant dose-dependent hepatoprotective effect comparable to standard drug silymarin, by preventing increase in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, and total bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase; by lowering hepatic levels of malonaldehyde, nitrate-nitrite, myeloperoxidase activity; enhancing activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase and increasing reduced glutathione levels in liver, which suggests the antioxidant property of PSE.