Difficult airway foreign body removal.

Foreign body (FB) aspiration in children is a common emergency. Traditionally, rigid bronchoscopy has been considered to be the mainstay for removal. However, in certain cases, flexible bronchoscopy can prove to be a better option and avoid thoracic surgery and unnecessary morbidity.

Effect of preconception multiple micronutrients vs. iron-folic acid supplementation on maternal and birth outcomes among women from developing countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Maternal malnutrition affects the somatic growth of the fetus and subsequent adverse events during infancy and childhood period. Though trials have been conducted on multiple micronutrient (MMN) supplements initiated during the preconception period, there is no collated evidence on this.

Materials And Methods: We performed a systematic review of published trials with the application of Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE).

Fluid resuscitation in children with severe infection and septic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Unlabelled: This study aimed to evaluate the current evidence on various aspects of fluid therapy such as type, volume, and timing of fluid bolus administration in children with septic shock. Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials including children less than 18 years of age admitted to the pediatric emergency and intensive care unit with severe infection and shock requiring fluid resuscitation. The intervention included balanced crystalloids (BC) vs normal saline (NS), colloids vs NS, restricted vs liberal fluid bolus, and slow vs fast fluid bolus.

Human Bocavirus infection in childhood acute respiratory infection: Is it an innocent bystander?

Purpose: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is one of the major attributing factors of under-five mortality and morbidity all over the world. Viruses are the most common cause of ARI. Due to the availability of molecular techniques, new viruses are getting isolated from children with ARI.

Macrolides versus other antibiotics in pediatric scrub typhus: A meta-analysis.

Background: While Doxycycline is the recommended drug for treating scrub typhus, there is a growing trend of using Macrolides and Other antibiotics due to their perceived advantages. In this study, we compared the efficacy of Macrolides versus Other antibiotics in the treatment of pediatric scrub typhus.

Methods: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) application.

Evidence-Based Guidelines for the Management of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) in Children and Adolescents with Asthma.

Background: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) frequently complicates asthma. There is urgent need to develop evidence-based guidelines for the management of ABPA in children. The Evidence Based Guideline Development Group (EBGDG) of the Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) National Respiratory Chapter (NRC) addressed this need.

Hypertonic Saline vs. Mannitol in Management of Elevated Intracranial Pressure in Children: A Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of two hyperosmolar agents (hypertonic saline vs. mannitol) used for the reduction of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) in children.

Methods: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted and GRADE system (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) of evidence was applied.

Efficacy and safety of levamisole in childhood nephrotic syndrome: A meta-analysis.

Present evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of levamisole in childhood nephrotic syndrome (NS), particularly the steroid-sensitive NS (SSNS), is limited. We searched relevant databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane CENTRAL till June 30, 2020. We included 12 studies for evidence synthesis (5 were clinical trials that included 326 children).

Comparison of oral triclofos and intranasal midazolam and dexmedetomidine for sedation in children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): an open-label, three-arm, randomized trial.

Unlabelled: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of oral triclofos (TRI), intranasal midazolam (INM), and intranasal dexmedetomidine (IND) in achieving successful sedation in children undergoing MRI. This open-label, three-arm, randomized trial was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital over 18-month period. Children scheduled for MRI were enrolled.

Vascular dysfunction in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies evaluating vascular function in patients with JIA. Relevant literature published from 1st January 1965 to 1st March 2022 was searched systematically utilizing PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases. Observational studies were included-patients with JIA (classified according to the International League of Associations for Rheumatology criteria) were included as cases (study population) and age/sex-matched healthy participants as controls (comparator group).

Long-term vascular dysfunction in Kawasaki disease: systematic review and meta-analyses.

Background: Long-term physiological dysfunction in coronary/systemic vasculature may persist in individuals with Kawasaki disease even in the absence of coronary artery abnormalities. We perform a systematic review and meta-analyses of studies assessing long-term vascular function in Kawasaki disease.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant literature published till May 2021.

Identification of Candidate Immune System MicroRNAs Differentially Found in Colostrum and Milk Exosomes.

Background: The fetus grows in a sterile womb environment. After birth, the newborn immune system has two immediate hurdles to clear. First immediate suppression of the womb compatible immune system and turn on the immune system of the newborn that can counter the antigenic world.

Feasibility of establishing acute respiratory infection treatment units (ATU) for improvement of care of children with acute respiratory infection.

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children below 5 years of age.

Methods: This multisite prospective observational study was carried out in the Pediatrics' out-patient departments of 5 medical colleges across India with an objective to assess the feasibility of establishing Acute Respiratory Infection Treatment Unit (ATU) in urban medical college hospitals. ATU (staffed with a nurse and a medical officer) was established in the out-patient areas at study sites.

Eastern India Collaboration on Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (EICOMISC): A Multicenter Observational Study of 134 Cases.

Background: Few single center studies from resource-poor settings have reported about the epidemiology, clinical feature and outcome of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). However, larger data from multi-center studies on the same is lacking including from Indian setting.

Methods: This retrospective collaborative study constituted of data collected on MIS-C from five tertiary care teaching hospitals from Eastern India.

Functional Outcomes in Survivors of Pediatric Sepsis: A Scoping Review and Discussion of Implications for Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Background: Pediatric sepsis is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), where there is a huge burden of infectious diseases. Despite shortage of resources, adapting protocol-based care has reduced sepsis-related deaths but survivors of pediatric sepsis are at risk of poor functional outcomes.

Objectives: To perform a scoping review of the literature on functional outcomes of pediatric sepsis survivors after discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU) and discuss the implications for patients in LMICs.

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain and Its Relation With Weight of Backpacks in School-Going Children in Eastern India.

Recently, heavy school backpacks have become a significant concern among parents and health professionals, as well as the media, but evidence for the same is limited in the Indian context. To find the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among school-going children and its relationship with backpack weight. Cross-sectional study.

Non-SARS, non-MERS human coronavirus infections and risk of Kawasaki disease: a meta-analysis.

To study the association between non-SARS, non-MERS human coronavirus (HCoV) infections and Kawasaki disease (KD). Meta-analysis of observational studies published until 1 May 2021. Out of 571 papers retrieved through database search, 10 provided data of 17,732 children.

Risk Factors for the Development of Pneumonia and Severe Pneumonia in Children.

Objective: To identify the risk factors for pneumonia and severe pneumonia in children.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Five tertiary-care teaching hospitals in India.

Role of Clinical Criteria and Oxygen Saturation Monitoring in Diagnosis of Childhood Pneumonia in Children Aged 2 to 59 Months.

Background: Current WHO algorithm has retained the signs and symptoms used in the older version for classifying severity of childhood pneumonia.

Objective: To study the role of clinical features (including that of current WHO criteria), and oxygen saturation (SpO2) in the diagnosis of childhood pneumonia.

Study Design: Multicenter prospective cohort study.

Role of Breathing Exercises in Asthma-Yoga and Pranayama.

Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease that results from a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. There is no cure for asthma, and the management is usually as per published guidelines. As in many chronic diseases conditions, various alternative or complimentary therapies have been tried.