Acute ischaemic stroke and deep vein thrombosis following snakebite.

Snakebite envenomation remains a neglected tropical public health issue claiming thousands of lives every year. It is a common medical emergency and a threat to the impoverished populations of low-income and middle-income countries including India. A combination of ischaemic stroke and deep vein thrombosis is a devastating duo complication of snake bite, with no literature report to date.

Review of Satralizumab for Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A New Biologic Agent Targeting the Interleukin-6 Receptor.

Currently, three monoclonal antibodies (MABs) have received regulatory approval from the federal agency, the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), for the medical management of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Satralizumab was the third approved therapy after MABs like eculizumab and inebilizumab for NMOSD, an uncommon but severe enfeebling autoimmune neurological disease. Satralizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, exerts its action in NMOSD by acting against cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), a foremost mediator in the pathological process of NMOSD.

Defining anthropometric thresholds (mid-arm circumference and calf circumference) in older adults residing in the community: a cross-sectional analysis using data from the population representative Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI DAD).

Objectives: To identify factors associated with malnutrition (undernutrition and overnutrition) and determine appropriate cut-off values for mid-arm circumference (MAC) and calf circumference (CC) among community-dwelling Indian older adults.

Design: Data from the first wave of harmonised diagnostic assessment of dementia for Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI-DAD) were used. Various sociodemographic factors, comorbidities, geriatric syndromes, childhood financial and health status were included.

Association Between Cognitive Performance and Nutritional Status: Analysis From LASI-DAD.

Malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries causes cognitive decline and other health problems. Harmonized Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia for Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI DAD) is an extensive study on late-life cognition and dementia. This study examines the link between nutrition and cognitive abilities in older adults using data from the LASI DAD.

Dasiglucagon for the Treatment of Insulin-induced Hypoglycemia in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-analysis.

Background: The use of conventional glucagon for managing insulin-induced hypoglycemia is obscured by its chemical instability and the need for reconstitution of the lyophilized powder, leading to delayed rescue. Dasiglucagon, a glucagon analog, may potentially overcome these shortcomings.

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dasiglucagon in insulin-induced hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Effect of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) on Cardiometabolic Parameters in Patients with Dyslipidemia: A Randomized, Add-on Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Objective: Statin monotherapy for dyslipidemia is limited by adverse effects and limited effectiveness in certain subgroups like metabolic syndrome. Add-on therapy with an agent with a known safety profile may improve clinical outcomes, and virgin coconut oil (VCO) may be the candidate agent for improving the cardiometabolic profile. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of add-on VCO with atorvastatin in dyslipidemia in adults.

Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Azilsartan and Amlodipine Combination Versus Telmisartan and Amlodipine Combination in Hypertensive Patients: A Non-inferiority Trial.

Introduction Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most common conditions encountered in daily practice in hospitals. Combination therapy is mostly initiated in the management of HTN when target blood pressure is not achieved with monotherapy. There are few studies comparing the antihypertensive effect of a combination of azilsartan and amlodipine with a combination of amlodipine and other angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), however, the results are contradictory.

Prevalence of dementia in India: National and state estimates from a nationwide study.

Introduction: Prior estimates of dementia prevalence in India were based on samples from selected communities, inadequately representing the national and state populations.

Methods: From the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) we recruited a sample of adults ages 60+ and administered a rich battery of neuropsychological tests and an informant interview in 2018 through 2020. We obtained a clinical consensus rating of dementia status for a subsample (N = 2528), fitted a logistic model for dementia status on this subsample, and then imputed dementia status for all other LASI respondents aged 60+ (N = 28,949).

Levothyroxine Therapy and Predictors of Cardiovascular Risk in Clinical Hypothyroidism: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background Hypothyroidism is associated with hypoadiponectinemia, insulin resistance, and increased cardiovascular risk. The association of adiponectin, insulin resistance, and future cardiovascular risk in clinical hypothyroidism and the effect of levothyroxine are non-conclusive because of the contradictory results. The present prospective cohort study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of levothyroxine on serum adiponectin, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular risk in patients with clinical hypothyroidism.

Awareness, attitude, and practice of materiovigilance among medical professionals at a tertiary care institute of national importance: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Medical faculty and residents have a key role in the reporting of adverse events associated with medical devices. However, at present, there are no published data regarding their knowledge, attitude, and practice about materiovigilance in India.

Materials And Methods: This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey done among medical faculty and residents of a tertiary care institution of national importance.

Effectiveness of pulse dose methyl prednisolone in management of COVID 19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Purpose: Till date, only systemic corticosteroids have demonstrated definite mortality benefit in management of COVID 19 in various studies. Still certain questions regarding the appropriate dose, duration and timing of corticosteroids remain unanswered. For this reason, the study was planned to determine the efficacy and safety of the pulse dose methyl prednisolone in management of COVID 19 from the publicly available evidence.

Comparative Study of the Effects of Azilsartan and Telmisartan on Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Biomarkers in Essential Hypertension Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction The complex interplay between the autonomic nervous system, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and immunity contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension in diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to investigate and compare the effect of azilsartan and telmisartan on insulin resistance and metabolic biomarkers in patients with both hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods The present study was a prospective, randomized, active-controlled, open-label, parallel-group clinical trial.

Cost of Ambulatory Care in Diabetes: Findings From a Non-Communicable Disease Clinic of a Tertiary Care Institute in Eastern India.

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the cost of ambulatory care of diabetes in a non-communicable disease (NCD) clinic in eastern India.

Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional cost description study was conducted from July to August 2018. A total of 192 diagnosed cases aged 18-70 years with a minimum history of one year since diagnosis attending the NCD clinic for the first time were included.

Comparison of Clinical Outcome between Dexamethasone and Methyl Prednisolone in Treatment of Moderate to Severe COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Though systemic corticosteroid is used for treatment of COVID 19, questions regarding the appropriate dose, duration and type of corticosteroid use still remain unanswered. This study aimed to address, whether choice of systemic corticosteroid significantly influences the clinical outcome of COVID 19 patients.

Materials And Methods: Studies reporting the comparison between clinical outcome of dexamethasone and methylprednisolone in treatment of COVID 19 were searched from inception till April, 2021.

Vasculotoxic snakebite envenomation: Management challenges in pregnancy.

Snakebite envenomation in pregnancy is rare. We report two cases of vasculotoxic snakebite in pregnancy and discuss the management challenges in pregnancy for successful maternal and perinatal outcomes. The first case was a 19-year-old woman who was eight weeks of gestation in her second pregnancy when she was bitten.

Urinary tract infection due to Group B : A case series from Eastern India.

Group B (GBS) or is an uncommon causative agent of urinary tract infection (UTI). We present a series of seven cases of UTI due to GBS from a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India, highlighting its emerging role in a hitherto less commonly described clinical entity.

Determinants of brain swelling in pediatric and adult cerebral malaria.

Cerebral malaria (CM) affects children and adults, but brain swelling is more severe in children. To investigate features associated with brain swelling in malaria, we performed blood profiling and brain MRI in a cohort of pediatric and adult patients with CM in Rourkela, India, and compared them with an African pediatric CM cohort in Malawi. We determined that higher plasma Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) levels and elevated var transcripts that encode for binding to endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) were linked to CM at both sites.

Prophylactic Role of Ivermectin in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Among Healthcare Workers.

Introduction Healthcare workers (HCWs) are vulnerable to getting infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Preventing HCWs from getting infected is a priority to maintain healthcare services. The therapeutic and preventive role of ivermectin in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is being investigated.

Efficacy and safety of abrocitinib for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disorder. Though corticosteroids are the cornerstone of therapy, the Janus kinase inhibitor abrocitinib has shown promise in recent clinical trials for the treatment of AD.

Objective: To assess the overall efficacy and safety of abrocitinib in moderate to severe AD.

: An uncommon cause of liver abscess.

We report an uncommon case of pyogenic liver abscess due to in an apparently immune-competent individual, the timely recognition of which could avoid a potentially fatal course of infection in the patient. A 45-year-old man, with history of moderate alcohol intake since the last 10 years, was admitted with intense right-sided upper abdominal pain and right-sided chest pain of 10-days duration. Culture of the ultrasound-guided liver aspirate sample yielded a pure growth of identified by the VITEK-2™ automated microbial identification system.