Neoantigen DNA vaccines are safe, feasible, and induce neoantigen-specific immune responses in triple-negative breast cancer patients.

Background: Neoantigen vaccines can induce or enhance highly specific antitumor immune responses with minimal risk of autoimmunity. We have developed a neoantigen DNA vaccine platform capable of efficiently presenting both HLA class I and II epitopes and performed a phase 1 clinical trial in triple-negative breast cancer patients with persistent disease on surgical pathology following neoadjuvant chemotherapy, a patient population at high risk of disease recurrence.

Methods: Expressed somatic mutations were identified by tumor/normal exome sequencing and tumor RNA sequencing.

Amorphous solid dispersions of amphiphilic polymer excipients and indomethacin prepared by hot melt extrusion.

Improving the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs is essential for enhancing bioavailability, formulation flexibility and reducing patient-to-patient variability. The preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) is an attractive strategy to formulate such drugs, leading to higher apparent water solubility and therefore higher bioavailability. For such ASDs, water-soluble polymer excipients, such as poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) or poly(vinyl pyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (P(VP-co-VA)), are employed to solubilize and stabilize the drug against crystallization.

Discovery of Novel PTP1B Inhibitors by High-throughput Virtual Screening.

Aim: To Discover novel PTP1B inhibitors by high-throughput virtual screening Background: Type 2 Diabetes is a significant global health concern. According to projections, the estimated number of individuals affected by the condition will reach 578 million by the year 2030 and is expected to further increase to 700 million deaths by 2045. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B is an enzymatic protein that has a negative regulatory effect on the pathways involved in insulin signaling.

Preparations, Applications, Patents, and Marketed Formulations of Nanoemulsions - A Comprehensive Review.

Nanoemulsions have emerged as versatile colloidal dispersions with promising applications in various fields, including pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetics. These nano-sized emulsions, stabilized by surfactants, offer unique advantages such as enhanced ingredient penetration efficacy and versatile dosage forms. This article provides an extensive overview of nanoemulsions, covering their composition, methods of preparation, and applications in drug delivery, the food industry, and cosmetics.

Neurological Wilson's disease without hepatic involvement in an adolescent female.

A female adolescent presented with a 9 month history of progressive involuntary movements, initially manifesting as finger tremors and evolving into flinging motions of the extremities, resulting in an inability to walk over the last 4 months. Concurrently, she developed dysarthria. Neurologically, she exhibited normal power, rigidity and brisk deep tendon reflexes, with a downgoing plantar reflex.

Understanding the novel gene mutation: primary ovarian insufficiency and uterine hypoplasia in siblings.

This case report elucidates a scenario involving two sibling sisters born out of consanguineous marriage-one initially presenting with lower respiratory infection, concurrently exhibiting short stature and primary amenorrhoea. Investigation into the primary amenorrhoea unveiled hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, confirmed by the absence of ovaries and a hypoplastic uterus on pelvic MRI. Genetic analysis via whole exome sequencing identified a homozygous variant NM_001282717.

Phytoconstituents-Based Nanotherapeutic Approach for the Effective Management of Joint Inflammatory Condition: Arthritis.

Arthritis, a prevalent inflammatory joint condition, presents challenges for effective therapeutic interventions, with conventional treatments often limited in efficacy and associated with adverse effects. Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in exploring natural compounds, particularly phytoconstituents, renowned for their anti-inflammatory and joint-protective properties. This review aims to illuminate the potential of employing nanotherapeutic approaches with phytoconstituents for enhanced arthritis management.

Substrate-based synthetic strategies and biological activities of 1,3,4-oxadiazole: A review.

The five-membered 1,3,4-oxadiazole heterocyclic ring has received considerable attention because of its unique bio-isosteric properties and an unusually wide spectrum of biological activities. After a century since 1,3,4-oxadiazole was discovered, its uncommon potential attracted medicinal chemist's attention, leading to the discovery of a few presently accessible drugs containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole units, and a large number of patents have been granted on research related to 1,3,4-oxadiazole. It is worth noting that interest in 1,3,4-oxadiazoles' biological applications has doubled in the last few years.

Dengue-associated longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis.

We diagnosed a patient with dengue fever who developed acute onset of sensorimotor quadriparesis with bladder involvement, and facial nerve involvement. Despite initial negative results in routine investigations and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, spinal MRI confirmed longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. The aetiological workup was negative, prompting an investigation into the presence of dengue in the cerebrospinal fluid, which returned positive.

Citron Kinase Is a Druggable Target in Treatment-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Prolonged treatment with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) inevitably leads to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Development of novel androgen-targeting agents and chemo/radiotherapies has resulted in improved survival. However, metastatic CRPC remains incurable.

Effectiveness of repeated mutagenesis of sesame crosses for enhancing polygenic variability in F2M2 generation.

The value of combining hybridization and mutagenesis in sesame was examined to determine if treating hybrid sesame plant material with mutagens generated greater genetic variability in four key productivity traits than either the separate hybridization or mutation of plant material. In a randomized block design with three replications, six F2M2 varieties, three F2varieties, and three parental varieties were assessed at Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. The plant characteristics height, number of seed capsules per plant, and seed yield per plant had greater variability in the F2M2 generation than their respective controls (F2), however, the number of primary branches per plant varied less than in the control population.

AHANet: Adaptive Hybrid Attention Network for Alzheimer's Disease Classification Using Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological problem that causes brain atrophy and affects the memory and thinking skills of an individual. Accurate detection of AD has been a challenging research topic for a long time in the area of medical image processing. Detecting AD at its earliest stage is crucial for the successful treatment of the disease.

Understanding the Combined Effects of High Glucose Induced Hyper-Osmotic Stress and Oxygen Tension in the Progression of Tumourigenesis: From Mechanism to Anti-Cancer Therapeutics.

High glucose (HG), a hallmark of the tumour microenvironment, is also a biomechanical stressor, as it exerts hyper-osmotic stress (HG-HO), but not much is known regarding how tumour cells mechanoadapt to HG-HO. Therefore, this study aimed to delineate the novel molecular mechanisms by which tumour cells mechanoadapt to HG/HG-HO and whether phytochemical-based interference in these mechanisms can generate tumour-cell-selective vulnerability to cell death. Mannitol and L-glucose were used as hyper-osmotic equivalents of high glucose.

Unravelling the Influence of Nutrition and Mental Stress on Immune Response.

The review article reveals the role of mental as well as biological phenomena working behind immunity. In recent times, irresistible illnesses and inflammation have been thought to be hereditary or the result of the natural working mechanism of the human body in response to the pathogenic variables working inside the human system. In the past few years, the importance of psychological adjustments, mental well-being and eating habits has been studied and shown to have a marked effect on immunity.

Effect of Supplementation of Vitamin C and Thiamine on the Outcome in Sepsis: South East Asian Region.

Introduction: The global burden of sepsis is overwhelming and novel therapeutic agents is the need of the hour. The present study was designed to understand the role of Malondialdehyde as a marker of the oxidative stress in sepsis, as well as the effect of supplementation of Vitamin C and Thiamine in patients of sepsis.

Methods: 80 patients of sepsis were randomly divided into 4 groups of 20 each.

Lactate enhanced-quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment 2 (LqSOFA2): A new score for bedside prognostication of patients with sepsis.

Background & Objectives: Early diagnosis and prompt treatment remain a challenge in sepsis. To study the role of quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), blood lactate levels and a new score Lactate - Enhanced-qSOFA 2 (LqSOFA2) in predicting outcome in patients with sepsis and their association with established severity scores.

Methods: This was a prospective, observational study in patients admitted to ICU of a tertiary care hospital in north India.