Orthokeratinised odontogenic cyst: A case series.

Orthokeratinised odontogenic cyst (OOC) is a distinct and an uncommon odontogenic cyst of jaw. It was previously considered as orthokeratinized variant of Odontogenic Keratocyst, owing to its same site, age and occurrence and origin. In 2017 WHO classified OOC under odontogenic cysts as a distinct entity, clearly separating it from Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC).

Candidal carriage in diabetic patients: a microbiological study.

Candida yeast species are widespread opportunistic microbes and incidence of its carriage in diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic controls is not clearly defined. The present study was carried out to isolate and identify the candida species in type I, type II diabetes mellitus patients and in controls. Study comprised of 60 subjects in the age range of 20 to 65 years, consisting of two groups of diabetes patients with controlled diabetic status (20 subjects each with type I and type II) and 20 age and sex matched controls.

Prevalence, knowledge, and attitude of gutkha chewing among school children of Arsikere, India.

Aims: To assess the prevalence, knowledge, and attitude of gutkha chewing among school children of Arsikere, India.

Materials And Methods: Two thousand school children aged between 10 and 15 years were examined with individual interviews along with a questionnaire to evaluate the presence of betel nut and paan chewing habit in various forms. Children of both sexes were included in the study.

Spritzer: For diagnostic cytopathology.

Background: Exfoliative cytology is an easy, economical, noninvasive, and feasible method for early detection and screening program of any premalignant or malignant lesion. In case of routine cytological procedure, classical Papanicolaou (PAP) stain is widely used while Romanowsky stains are sparingly used. Leishman-Giemsa (LG) cocktail, being a easier, cost effective staining technique, has not been used in exfoliative cytology.

A study of the distribution of B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 in odontogenic cyst and tumors: Histochemical study.

Introduction: The odontogenic keratocyst is known for its aggressiveness, high recurrence rate, and transformation of keratinized epithelia to nonkeratinized squamous epithelium for which inflammation has been suggested to be responsible. B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) an anti-apoptotic protein, prolongs the life span of epithelial cells and allows proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis.

Materials And Methods: Study was carried out comprising of 90 cases; (30 ameloblastoma, 30 keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT), and 30 radicular cyst).

Spindle cell lesions: A review on immunohistochemical markers.

The intriguing array of spindle cell lesions occurring, especially in the head and neck region, poses a critical diagnostic challenge not only to the histopathologist but also ultimately to the clinicians for planning an appropriate treatment protocol. Overlapping spectrum of clinico-radiographic and microscopic features further compounds this problem. In such situations, the aid of ancillary techniques such as immunohistochemistry (IHC) is sought to clinch the diagnosis.

An update on studies on etiological factors, disease progression, and malignant transformation in oral submucous fibrosis.

Worldwide estimates of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) show a confinement to Indians and Southeast Asians. In India, the prevalence of OSMF has increased over the past four decades from 0.03% to 6.

Oxidative stress marker in oral cancer: A review.

Oxygen derived species such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical (OH-), and singlet oxygen are well known to be cytotoxic and have been implicated in the etiology of a wide array of human diseases, including cancer. Various carcinogens may also partly exert their effect by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) during their metabolism. Oxidative damage to cellular DNA can lead to mutations and may, therefore, play an important role in the initiation and progression of multistage carcinogenesis.

Immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in keratocystic odontogenic tumor, dentigerous cyst, and radicular cyst: A comparative study.

Background: Cyst and tumors arise from tissue remains of odontogenesis, these interactions have been considered to play an important role in the tumorigenesis of odontogenic lesions. The connective tissue stroma has an essential role in the preservation of epithelial tissues and minor alterations in the epithelium are followed by corresponding changes in the stroma, such as angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is considered the first factor which maintains its position as the most critical driver of vascular formation and is required to initiate the formation of immature vessels, with this aim, present study was executed to evaluate VEGF expression in kertocystic odontogenic tumor, dentigerous cyst and radicular cyst (RC).

Evaluation of the Secretor Status of ABO Blood Group Antigens in Saliva among Southern Rajasthan Population Using Absorption Inhibition Method.

Introduction: The ABO blood group system was the significant element for forensic serological examination of blood and body fluids in the past before the wide adaptation of DNA typing. A significant proportion of individuals (80%) are secretors, meaning that antigens present in the blood are also found in other body fluids such as saliva. Absorption inhibition is one such method that works by reducing strength of an antiserum based on type and amount of antigen present in the stains.

Evaluation of stromal myofibroblasts in oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, and oral squamous cell carcinoma--an immunohistochemical study.

Background: Oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) are the main potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of the oral mucosa. Myofibroblasts (MFs) secrete numerous growth factors and inflammatory mediators that stimulate epithelial cell proliferation and play an important role in tumoral invasion and use a combination of different factors in the course of neoplastic growth and development. Hence the present study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the distribution of MFs using alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in OL, OSMF, and various histopathological grades OSCC.

Nuclear anomalies in exfoliated buccal epithelial cells of petrol station attendants in Udaipur, Rajasthan.

Aim: The petroleum derivatives consist of a complex mixture of chemical compounds one among which is benzene. Petrol station workers who pump fuel to vehicles absorb the products of fuel fumes and the products of combustion.

Materials And Methods: To study the occupational exposure to petroleum derivatives such as benzene, exfoliated buccal cells from 40 petrol station attendants and 40 age-matched control subjects were examined for micronuclei, binucleation, karyorrhexis and karyolysis frequency by using feulgen and Giemsa stains.

Role of bacteria in oral carcinogenesis.

Oral cancer appears to be increasing in incidence, and mortality has hardly improved over the past 25 years. Better understanding of the etiopathogenesis should lead to more accurate and earlier diagnosis and more effective treatments with fewer adverse effects. Despite increasing interest in the possible relationships between bacteria and the different stages of cancer development, the association of bacteria with cancer of the oral cavity has yet to be adequately examined.

Awareness of General Dental Practitioners about Oral Screening and Biopsy Procedures in Udaipur, India.

Purpose: Oral cancer presents with high mortality rates, and the likelihood of survival is remarkably better when detected early. The present study aimed to assess the awareness of general dental practitioners (GDPs) about oral screening and biopsy procedures in Udaipur, India.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 83 GDPs were surveyed using a self-administered structured questionnaire consisting of several mandatory and optional questions.

Evaluation of salivary and serum lipid peroxidation, and glutathione in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Lipid peroxidation induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is involved in the pathogenesis of malignancy. Overall, lipid peroxidation levels are indicated by malondialdehyde (MDA), which is the most frequently used biomarker to detect oxidative changes. Antioxidant defense systems such as glutathione (GSH) limit cell injury induced by ROS.

Calretinin as a diagnostic adjunct for ameloblastoma.

Background. Calretinin is a 29 kDa calcium-binding protein of the EF-hand family which is expressed in a variety of normal and tumorigenic tissues. Its expression in odontogenic epithelium during odontogenesis and in neoplastic odontogenic tissues has been demonstrated.

Evidences suggesting involvement of viruses in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers and it constitutes a major health problem particularly in developing countries. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents the most frequent of all oral neoplasms. Several risk factors have been well characterized to be associated with OSCC with substantial evidences.

Expression of cell cycle and apoptosis-related proteins in ameloblastoma and keratocystic odontogenic tumor.

Tumors arising from epithelium of the odontogenic apparatus or from its derivatives or remnants exhibit considerable histologic variation and are classified into several benign and malignant entities. A high proliferative activity of the odontogenic epithelium in ameloblastoma (AM) and keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) has been demonstrated in some studies individually. However, very few previous studies have simultaneously evaluated cell proliferation and apoptotic indexes in AM and KCOT, comparing both lesions.

Hidden keys in stroma: Unlocking the tumor progression.

Malignancy is considered as a pathological imbalance of tissue-cell societies, a state that emerges from tumor-host microenvironment in which host participates in induction, selection and expansion of the neoplastic cells. Invasion of these malignancies can be viewed as a derangement in the proper sorting of cell populations, causing a violation of normal tissue boundaries. This violation is carried out by certain stromal cells like carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor associated macrophage (TAMs), endothelial cells (ECs) leucocytes, bone marrow derived cells, etc.

Role of viruses in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

The etiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is complex and involves many factors. The most clearly defined risk factors are smoking and alcohol, which substantially increase the risk of oral SCC. However, despite this clear association, a substantial proportion of patients develop OSCC without exposure to them, emphasizing the role of other risk factors such as genetic susceptibility and oncogenic viruses.

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and microvessel density in oral tumorigenesis.

Context: Significant increase in vascularity occurs during the transition from normal oral mucosa, through differing degrees of dysplasia, to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Aims: To evaluate microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in oral tumorigenesis and correlate it with the clinicopathological characteristics.

Settings And Design: VEGF expression and MVD were quantified immunohistochemically using anti-VEGF and anti-CD34 antibody.

Oral alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: a case report with immunohistochemical analysis.

Rhabdomyosarcomas are among the most common soft-tissue tumors in children. These tumors are derived from mesenchymal tissue with a tendency toward myogenic differentiation that probably originates from immature and highly invasive satellite cells associated with the embryogenesis of skeletal muscle. Some of these tumors are associated with high rates of recurrence and metastasis.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma associated with mucous retention cyst of the parotid gland.

Mucous retention cysts of the parotid gland are rare, and a coexistent adenoid cystic carcinoma is even an unusual occurrence. Such coexistent adenoid cystic carcinomas with mucous retention cyst of the parotid gland are difficult to diagnose clinically and, at times, stage difficulty in their management. We report a rare case of adenoid cystic carcinoma associated with mucous retention cyst of the parotid gland with its diagnostic and management dilemma in a 14-year-old adolescent girl.