Overcoming Skin Barrier with Transfersomes: Opportunities, Challenges, and Applications.

Background: Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) offer several advantages over traditional methods like injections and oral administration, including preventing first-pass metabolism, providing consistent and sustained activity, reducing side effects, enabling the use of short halflife drugs, improving physiological response, and enhancing patient convenience. However, the permeability of skin poses a challenge for TDDS, as it is impermeable to large molecules and hydrophilic drugs but permeable to small molecules and lipophilic medications. To overcome this barrier, researchers have investigated vesicular systems, such as transfersomes, liposomes, niosomes, and ethosomes.

Experimental Animal Models: Tools to Investigate Antidiabetic Activity.

About 2.8% of the global population are being suffered from Diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders that is characterized by an absolute lack of insulin and resulting in hyperglycemia.