Identification and validation of stable reference genes for expression profiling of target genes in diverse ovine tissues.

Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a widely-used technique for quantifying the expression of target genes across various tissues, as well as under different pathological and physiological conditions. One of the challenges associated with this method is the need to identify optimal reference genes (RGs) that maintain consistent expression levels under diverse experimental settings, thereby ensuring accurate biological interpretation. In this study, we conducted a thorough analysis of 18 candidate RGs (ACTB, BACH1, B2M, GAPDH, HMBS, HPRT1, PGK1, PPIA, PPIB, RPLP0, RPL19, RPS9, RPS15, RPS28, SDHA, TBP, UXT, and YWHAZ) across 10 ovine tissues (muscle, skin, kidney, liver, intestine, rumen, lung, testis, heart, and spleen) obtained from five individual sheep.

Unraveling the genetic mechanisms governing the host response to bovine anaplasmosis.

Bovine anaplasmosis caused by Anaplasma marginale is a tick-borne disease of livestock with widespread prevalence and huge economic implications. In order to get new insights into modulation of host gene expression in response to natural infections of anaplasmosis, this study is the first attempt that compared the transcriptome profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of A. marginale infected and healthy crossbred cattle.

Outcome Analysis of En bloc Resection and Reconstruction by Non-vascularized Proximal Fibular Autograft in Giant Cell Tumor of Distal Radius supplemented with Brachytherapy.

Introduction: Giant cell tumors of the bone are aggressive and potentially malignant lesions. Juxtaarticular giant cell tumors of the lower end radius are common and is a challenge for reconstruction after tumor excision. Several reconstructive procedures like vascularized and non-vascularized fibular graft, osteoarticular allograft, ceramic prosthesis, and megapros thesis are in use for substitution of the defect in the distal radius following resection.

Validation of stable reference genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells for expression studies involving vector-borne haemoparasitic diseases in bovines.

Normalization of gene expression data using appropriate reference genes is critical to diminish any technical bias in an experiment involving quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report offering a systematic assessment of 14 potential reference genes (RPLP0, ACTB, RPS28, YWHAZ, SDHA, PPIA, RPS9, RPS15, UXT, GAPDH, B2M, BACH1, HMBS, and PPIB) for the identification of the most stable normalizers for qPCR of target genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of bovines for vector-borne haemoparasitic diseases such as anaplasmosis, babesiosis, theileriosis, and trypanosomiasis. A total of 38 blood samples were collected from healthy as well as diseased cattle and buffaloes representing different haemoparasitic diseases.

Expression profiling of cytokine genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from infected and healthy cattle.

In this study, changes in expression profiles of genes encoding 14 cytokines (1, and ) were investigated amongst six infected and six healthy crossbred cattle. Health status of the animals was determined based on clinical signs, blood smear examination and molecular detection using -specific primers. Total RNA was isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the infected animals as well as the healthy controls, which was further reverse transcribed to cDNA.

Comparative expression profiling of cytokine genes in Theileria annulata-infected and healthy cattle.

Theileriosis is one of the top ten economically important diseases in cattle in India. Cytokines are considered important mediators and regulators of the immune response to an infection. In the present study, the gene expression profiles of fourteen cytokines (IL1A, IL1B, IL2, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL12A, IL12B, IL16, TGFB1, TNFA, IFNA and IFNB) were compared in Theileria annulata-infected and healthy crossbred cattle.

Correlation between Chondromalacia Patella and Patellofemoral Factors in Middle-Age Population: A Clinical, Functional, and Radiological Analysis.

Despite higher incidence of patellofemoral pain (PFP) and consequently morbidity, the understanding about PF factors leading to PF arthritis is way lacking. A prospective study of first 80 patients who were diagnosed with chondromalacia patella (CMP) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) divided into early and late CMP groups were evaluated clinically, radiologically, and in terms of functional outcome. : Quadriceps angle, Clark's test, and Insall-Salvati ratio results were nonsignificant despite greater values were observed in late CMP group, whereas trochlear morphology results (sulcus angle: 153:138 degrees and sulcus depth 3.

Benign fibrous histiocytoma of the lower lip.

The fibrous histiocytoma is a soft-tissue neoplasm of the biphasic cell population of fibroblasts and histiocytes that affects the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue. The objective of this article is to report a case of benign fibrous histiocytoma (BFH) of the lower lip in a 32-year-old female patient with a chief complaint of swelling in the lower lip for the past 1 month. With diagnostic clinical hypothesis of fibrous hyperplasia, fibrous histiocytoma and mucocele, an excisional biopsy was performed.

Correlation of acromial morphology in association with rotator cuff tear: a retrospective study.

Purpose: There have been many studies that have attempted to correlate radiographic acromial characteristics with rotator cuff tears, but the results have not been conclusive. Rotator cuff tears (RCT) are the common aetiology of shoulder pain. We assessed the association of rotator cuff tears with commonly used radiographic parameters of acromial morphology and their different radiographic characteristics.

Role of Computed Tomography (CT) in Localisation and Characterisation of Suprahyoid Neck Masses.

Background: Suprahyoid neck lesions are difficult to assess only by means of clinical inspection and therefore imaging techniques are required to precisely evaluate suprahyoid neck spaces. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distinctive role of computed tomography in the assessment of anatomical source and pathological type of masses involving the suprahyoid neck spaces.

Material/methods: Sixty patients presenting with suprahyoid neck masses underwent computed tomography of the neck.

Neglected hip dislocation: an unusual presentation, its management and review of the literature.

Neglected traumatic posterior hip dislocation is not an uncommon condition seen in developing countries. Its treatment is fraught with great difficulties and controversies. Here we present a 31-year-old female patient presented to our hospital 2 years after sustaining an accident.

Giant-cell tumour of proximal radius in a 50-year-old female with wrist drop: a rare case report.

Giant-cell tumour is a locally aggressive tumour of long bones of epiphyseal region commonly occurring in adults aged 20-40 years. Most common location is distal femur, proximal tibia, and distal radius. Different treatment options being used are curettage with bone graft or bone cement, resection with arthrodesis, reconstruction, radiation, and chemotherapy.

Disseminated hydatidosis with rare presentation as "cystovesical fistula".

Disseminated hydatidosis is a rare disease and may involve any organ of the human body. In this case, an elderly female got infected by and presented with disseminated disease. A fistulous communication developed between one of the hydatid cysts present in the retrovesical region and the bladder, because of which the patient presented with hydatiduria.

Rare Thoracolumbar Facet Synovial Cyst Presenting as Paraparesis.

Spinal cord compressing syndrome due to synovial cyst (SC) of the thoracolumbar spine is a rare clinical condition. In this report we aim to heighten awareness of the thoracolumbar facet synovial cyst as a possible cause of thoracic myelopathy. The SC was removed thoroughly by laminectomy.