Antibody longevity and waning following COVID-19 vaccination in a 1-year longitudinal cohort in Bangladesh.

COVID-19 vaccines have been effective in preventing severe illness, hospitalization and death, however, the effectiveness diminishes with time. Here, we evaluated the longevity of antibodies generated by COIVD-19 vaccines and the risk of (re)infection in Bangladeshi population. Adults receiving two doses of AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Moderna or Sinopharm vaccines were enrolled at 2-4 weeks after second dosing and followed-up at 4-monthly interval for 1 year.

Serosurveillance among urban slum and non-slum populations immunized with COVID-19 vaccines in Bangladesh.

Using two rounds of serosurveillance, we aimed to observe the COVID-19 vaccination status and the dynamics of antibody responses to different vaccines among urban slum and non-slum populations of Bangladesh. Adults (>18 years) and children (10-17 years) were enrolled in March and October 2022. Data including COVID-19 vaccine types and dosage uptake were collected.

Exercise improves depression through positive modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). A review based on 100 manuscripts over 20 years.

The aim of this review was to explore the relevant neurobiology and the association between peripheral levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and acute and short to long-term exercise regimes, as well as its relation to depression and antidepressant treatment. A 20-year literature search was conducted. The screening process resulted in 100 manuscripts.

How to attract and retain health workers in rural areas of a fragile state: Findings from a labour market survey in Guinea.

Most countries face challenges attracting and retaining health staff in remote areas but this is especially acute in fragile and shock-prone contexts, like Guinea, where imbalances in staffing are high and financial and governance arrangements to address rural shortfalls are weak. The objective of this study was to understand how health staff could be better motivated to work and remain in rural, under-served areas in Guinea. In order to inform the policy dialogue on strengthening human resources for health, we conducted three nationally representative cross-sectional surveys, adapted from tools used in other fragile contexts.

Emotional Abuse in Women and Girls Mediated by Patriarchal Upbringing and Its Impact on Sexism and Mental Health: A Narrative Review.

Sexism is a type of structural discrimination that can manifest as the subjugation of woman in familial and social roles. Gender-based violence often occurs in societies where patriarchal norms exist. Violence against women and girls (VAWG) includes physical, sexual and psychological/emotional abuse directed towards females.

'Paris Thin': The Mental Health of Models.

Surprising it may seem, the mental health issues remains largely overlooked in the highly competitive and unforgiving industry of modelling and fashion. A substantial number of models experience mental health issues due to the nature of their occupation, however, most avoid speaking out due to fear of stigma and losing out on future work. Moreover, problematic eating behaviours in attempts to improve body image can have profoundly adverse effects on mental and physical health, even leading to death in extreme cases, yet these behaviours are being reinforced and rewarded with success and career progression.

Patriarchal Upbringing in the 21 Century: The Impact Emotional Abuse Related to Parental Styles Has on the Genesis of Gender Inequality and the Development of Unresolved Trauma in Children.

Background: Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG) (physical, sexual, and psychological/emotional) is a type of structural discrimination that violates the basic human rights of females on a global scale. Cultural norms that glorify male dominance, power imbalances, and abuse of authority are the most encountered reasons for VAWG. Emotional abuse, which can start in childhood, is widely recognised as the most prevalent form of VAWG.

Innovative Interventions to Reduce the Stigma Attached to Intellectual Disabilities: A Narrative Review.

The stigma attached to intellectual disabilities (ID) can have profoundly adverse effects on the lives of people who suffer from these conditions. Stigma is also a major barrier to accessing specialist services and consequently many people with ID continue to suffer in silence. A confidential inquiry into the premature deaths of people with ID in England and Wales revealed the median age at death of individuals with this condition was 13 years (for males) to 20 years (for females) younger than the median age at death of the general population.

Pioneering an Innovative Intervention to Reduce Mental Health Related Stigma in Muslim Communities: A Protocol.

Despite the prevalence of mental health related stigma in Muslim communities, there are only a limited number of intervention studies reported in the literature. Digital interventions (i.e.

Prefix Imputation of Orphan Events in Event Stream Processing.

In the context of process mining, event logs consist of process instances called cases. Conformance checking is a process mining task that inspects whether a log file is conformant with an existing process model. This inspection is additionally quantifying the conformance in an explainable manner.

"Medical Student Syndrome"-A Myth or a Real Disease Entity? Cross-Sectional Study of Medical Students of the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland.

The description of Medical Student Syndrome is based on the assumption that inexperienced medical students are prone to develop a pathological fear of medical conditions they are taught about. The aim of this study is to examine the sample of students (medical and non-medical) in order to assess and compare their level of hypochondriacal attitudes and health-related anxiety. We also examined other factors which might have had an influence on hypochondria and nosophobia attitudes among students.

Experiences of a new cadre of midwives in Bangladesh: findings from a mixed method study.

Background: Bangladesh did not have dedicated professional midwives in public sector health facilities until recently, when the country started a nation-wide programme to educate and deploy diploma midwives. The objective of the findings presented in this paper, which is part of a larger study, was to better understand the experience of the midwives of their education programme and first posting as a qualified midwife and to assess their midwifery knowledge and skills.

Methods: We applied a mixed method approach, which included interviewing 329 midwives and conducting 6 focus group discussions with 43 midwives and midwifery students.

A Brazilian Case of Treatment-Resistant Generalized Anxiety Disorder Successfully Treated with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI).

In this brief report we present the case of a 53 year old man with a very debilitating Generalized Anxiety Disorder successfully treated with tranylcypromine. After several failed treatment attempts following international guidelines recommendations over the course of one year and a half, tranylcypromine was prescribed which led to effective and sustained remission of anxiety symptoms for this patient. We also briefly explore treatment options for resistant cases of generalized anxiety disorder, given the major negative impacts of untreated GAD in a person's daily functioning and quality of life.

A World Psychiatric Association Initiative to Increase Interest in Psychiatry as a Career in Qatar Medical Students: A Pilot Study.

Introduction: The World Health Organization identified a chronic shortage of psychiatrists in Low- Middle- and High-Income Countries. In Qatar, the situation is dire with reports there is one psychiatrist per 170,000 people in the population. A one-day, student-led mental-health conference was held in Doha, Qatar under the auspices of the World Psychiatric Association with the aim of increasing interest in psychiatry as a career.

Reducing Mental Health Stigma in Medical Students and Doctors towards their Peers with Mental Health Difficulties: A Protocol.

Mental health problems are over-represented in doctors and medical students. However, stigma and 'a culture of shame' are formidable barriers to mental health services and consequently many doctors and medical students with mental health difficulties continue to suffer in silence despite the availability of effective treatment. Indeed, a recent study on over 2100 female physicians who met the diagnostic criteria for a mental disorder revealed that 50% were reluctant to seek professional help due to fear of exposure to stigma.

The Effect of Nutrition on Mental Health: A Focus on Inflammatory Mechanisms.

Neuropsychiatric disorders are closely associated with a persistent low-grade inflammatory state. This suggests that the development of psychopathology is not only limited to the brain, but rather involves an additional systemic aspect, accounting for the large body of evidence demonstrating co-presentation of mental illness with chronic inflammatory conditions and metabolic syndromes. Studies have shown that inflammatory processes underlie the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms, with recent studies revealing not only correlative, but causative relationships between the immune system and psychopathology.

The Effect of Exercise on Mental Health: A Focus on Inflammatory Mechanisms.

A growing body of research suggests that neuropsychiatric disorders are closely associated with a background state of chronic, low-grade inflammation. This insight highlights that these disorders are not just localized to dysfunction within the brain, but also have a systemic aspect, which accounts for the frequent comorbid presentation of chronic inflammatory conditions and metabolic syndromes. It is possible that a treatment resistant subgroup of neuropsychiatric patients may benefit from treatment regimens that target their associated proinflammatory state.

Gender differences in the portrayals of depressive illness in popular culture: a comparison of literary texts.

Gender differences in the prevalence, experiences and presentations of mental illnesses are well-known and are reflected in research findings, clinical practice, society and popular culture. This paper will compare and contrast the role that gender and other factors play in the portrayals of depressive illness in two acclaimed texts, 'The Bell Jar' by Sylvia Plath and, 'Darkness Visible' by William Styron.

CADASIL and Bipolar Affective Disorder.

Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a rare monogenic disorder caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene. The clinical features are primarily neurological, which include recurrent transient ischaemic attacks, strokes, and migraines. However, psychiatric manifestations which mainly include mood disturbances have also been reported in CADASIL.

Metrological Performance of Instruments used in Clinical Evaluation of Balance.

Clinical assessment of a patient, monitoring the progress of a condition, and/or titration of a therapy is dependent on the metrological characteristics of diagnostic equipment. While metrological performance of instruments is commonly assessed in research, it is not so often done in clinical practice. Physical rehabilitation applications may benefit individuals with mental health concerns and are associated with an accurate analysis of balance and gait.

Improvement of Saccadic Eye Movements after Head-Eye Vestibular Motion (HEVM) Therapy and Neuro-Psychiatric Considerations.

Introduction: Eye movement pathology can assist in the identification, diagnosis and treatment of mental health disorders. Eye-tracking paradigms have been utilized to provide greater ecological validity, and directly capture the detailed sequence of processes in perception and attention, while quantifying classifiers in mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorders. Saccadic eye movements serve as an endophenotype for various mental health disorders.

The Federation of Student Islamic Societies Programme to Challenge Mental Health Stigma in Muslim communities in Scotland: The FOSIS Glasgow Study.

Introduction: A recent study commissioned by the Scottish Government on the prevalence of mental disorders in Muslims in Scotland revealed that over 50% of the sample met the diagnostic criteria for a mental illness. Stigma is a major barrier to mental health services and despite the availability of effective treatment, many Muslims in Scotland with mental health difficulties continue to suffer in silence. The Federation of Student Islamic Societies (FOSIS) Scotland branch organized a mental health conference in Glasgow to improve Mental Health Literacy and challenge mental health related stigma in the Scottish Muslim community.

Leveraging Digital Technology to Challenge Mental Health Stigma in West Bengal: A Protocol.

Mental health related stigma is a pernicious phenomenon that permeates and pervades our world. As stigma continues to evolve so too must our approach to reduce it. This paper outlines a protocol that leverages the power of virtual contact and digital technology to challenge mental health related stigma in West Bengal, India.