Evolutionary insights on critically endangered Kashmir red deer or hangul () through a mitogenomic lens.

Background: The Kashmir red deer or Hangul () is the only Tarim red deer species endemic to India. With a current estimated population size of fewer than 200 individuals, this critically endangered species is confined to the greater Dachigam landscape in Jammu and Kashmir. Poaching, habitat loss and fragmentation, resource competition with livestock, and small population size are the major conservation challenges for this species.