MOANA: Multi-objective ant nesting algorithm for optimization problems.

This paper presents the Multi-Objective Ant Nesting Algorithm (MOANA), a novel extension of the Ant Nesting Algorithm (ANA), specifically designed to address multi-objective optimization problems (MOPs). MOANA incorporates adaptive mechanisms, such as deposition weight parameters, to balance exploration and exploitation, while a polynomial mutation strategy ensures diverse and high-quality solutions. The algorithm is evaluated on standard benchmark datasets, including ZDT functions and the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) 2019 multi-modal benchmarks.

Convolutional Neural Networks for the segmentation of hippocampal structures in postmortem MRI scans.

Background: The hippocampus plays a crucial role in memory and is one of the first structures affected by Alzheimer's disease. Postmortem MRI offers a way to quantify the alterations by measuring the atrophy of the inner structures of the hippocampus. Unfortunately, the manual segmentation of hippocampal subregions required to carry out these measures is very time-consuming.

A novel approach employing hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy linguistic Einstein aggregation operators within the EDAS approach for multicriteria group decision making.

The Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) is a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) technique that uses various distances from average values to make decisions. It bears resemblance to other distance-based approaches like SPOTIS, VIKOR or TOPSIS, except that instead of positive and negative ideal solutions, it uses an average solution. For hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy linguistic term sets (HIFLTSs), we first define several operational laws and aggregation operators.

Deep learning reveals pathology-confirmed neuroimaging signatures in Alzheimer's, vascular and Lewy body dementias.

Concurrent neurodegenerative and vascular pathologies pose a diagnostic challenge in the clinical setting, with histopathology remaining the definitive modality for dementia-type diagnosis. To address this clinical challenge, we introduce a neuropathology-based, data-driven, multi-label deep learning framework to identify and quantify in-vivo biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD), and Lewy body dementia (LBD) using antemortem T1-weighted MRI scans of 423 demented and 361 control participants from NACC and ADNI datasets. Based on the best-performing deep learning model, explainable heatmaps are extracted to visualize disease patterns, and the novel Deep Signature of Pathology Atrophy REcognition (DeepSPARE) indices are developed, where a higher DeepSPARE score indicates more brain alterations associated with that specific pathology.

Decoding Drug Discovery: Exploring A-to-Z In Silico Methods for Beginners.

The drug development process is a critical challenge in the pharmaceutical industry due to its time-consuming nature and the need to discover new drug potentials to address various ailments. The initial step in drug development, drug target identification, often consumes considerable time. While valid, traditional methods such as in vivo and in vitro approaches are limited in their ability to analyze vast amounts of data efficiently, leading to wasteful outcomes.

Urinary Metal Levels, Cognitive Test Performance, and Dementia in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Importance: Metals are established neurotoxicants, but evidence of their association with cognitive performance at low chronic exposure levels is limited.

Objective: To investigate the association of urinary metal levels, individually and as a mixture, with cognitive tests and dementia diagnosis, including effect modification by apolipoprotein ε4 allele (APOE4).

Design, Setting, And Participants: The multicenter prospective cohort Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) was started from July 2000 to August 2002, with follow-up through 2018.

Cellulose nanocrystal based electrospun nanofiber for biomedical applications-A review.

Electrospinning has become a revolutionized technique for nanofiber fabrication by offering versatile procedures to precisely regulate the nanofibers' properties suitable for a wide range of advanced applications. Nanofibers are utilized as carriers for delivering medications and other health supplements as well as their ability to discharge their contents can be easily programmed and tailored in a specific manner, while serving as tissue engineering scaffolds or medical devices. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are one of the most significant natural biopolymers incorporated as reinforcing agents for nanostructured fibrous frameworks.

Dual-hesitant fermatean fuzzy Hamacher aggregation operators and TOPSIS with their application to multi-criteria decision-making.

The concept of the Dual-hesitant fermatean fuzzy set (DHFFS) represents a significant advancement in practical implementation, combining Fermatean fuzzy sets and Dual-hesitant sets. This new structure uses membership and non-membership hesitancy and is more adaptable for arriving at values in a domain. Since it has the capability to treat multiple fuzzy sets over the degrees of membership and non-membership, the DHFFS greatly improves the flexibility of approaches to tackle multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems.

Assessment of barriers to the dietary adherence among type 2 diabetic patients in Pakistan: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: To assess the common barriers responsible for non-adherence to dietary recommendations among type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from October 4, 2021, to March 6, 2022, at the National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, and comprised type 2 diabetes patients of either gender aged 18-80 years who had previously been given recommended dietary advice. Dietary barriers were assessed using a 27-item validated questionnaire, and the subjects were compared in terms of age and diabetes duration.

Gigant-KTTS dataset: Towards building an extensive gigant dataset for Kurdish text-to-speech systems.

Today, speech synthesis is a part of our daily lives in computers all around the world. Central Kurdish Speech Corpus Construction is a speech corpus that is a primary data source for developing a speech system. There are still two main issues that prevent them from achieving the best possible performance, the lack of efficiency in training and analysis, and the difficulty in modelling.

Translation, transcultural adaptation, and convergent validity of the Arabic version of the Mukbang addiction scale.

Introduction: The present study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Arabic translation of the Mukbang Addiction Scale (MAS) among Arabic-speaking adults from the general population. Specifically, it aimed to assess the factorial structure through a confirmatory factor analysis, determine the composite reliability through Cronbach alpha and McDonald's omega scores, assess gender invariance, and evaluate the convergent validity by examining its correlation to eating addiction and psychological distress.

Methods: A total of 370 individuals with a mean age of 21.

Urologic oncology considerations in transgender and gender diverse patients.

Purpose Of Review: This review delves into the pressing issue of urologic oncology considerations within the transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) community. With estimates suggesting that TGD individuals constitute 0.3 to 0.

Assessment of Shortcomings of Candidates in the Fellowship of College of Physicians and Surgeons (FCPS)-II (Board/Exit) Examination: A Qualitative Analysis of Dermatology Candidates' Short and Long Cases With Suggestions for Improvement.

Background Clinical examination is the final step for the assessment of a candidate in the Fellowship of College of Physicians and Surgeons-II exam and several stressors are associated with it. After a certain level, the stressors and myths related to this exam increase the chances of poor performance. This study aimed to identify the shortcomings of candidates' short and long cases with suggestions for improvement.

Fabrication and synergistically enhanced photocatalytic activity of ternary kaolinite, TiO, and AlO (KTA) nanocomposite for visible-light-induced degradation of methylene blue and remazol red dye.

The ternary photocatalyst ((AlSiO (OH)/TiO/AlO) composites (where w/w = 65, 30, and 5 wt%) denoted KTA were successfully synthesized and examined for their efficiency in removing cationic (Methylene Blue, MB) and anionic (Remazol Red, RR) dye from aqueous medium under visible-light irradiation. A series of nanocomposites with varied wt% of kaolinite, TiO, and AlO were prepared through sonication followed by calcination at 600 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystallinity of the synthesized materials and established their average crystal size to be 83.

Investigating the in vivo biocontrol and growth-promoting efficacy of Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens against olive knot disease.

Olive knot disease, caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi, poses a significant threat to olive cultivation, necessitating sustainable alternatives to conventional chemical control. This study investigates the biocontrol effectiveness of Bacillus sp. (Og2) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Oq5), alone and combined, against olive knot disease.

SGLT2 inhibitors: Beyond glycemic control.

Multiple randomized controlled trials have extensively examined the therapeutic effectiveness of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, ushering in a transformative approach to treating individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Notably, emerging reports have drawn attention to the potential positive impacts of SGLT2 inhibitors in nondiabetic patients. In an effort to delve into this phenomenon, a comprehensive systematic literature review spanning PubMed (NLM), Medline (Ovid), and Cochrane Library, covering publications from 2000 to 2024 was undertaken.

Targeting high-risk multiple myeloma genotypes with optimized anti-CD70 CAR-T cells.

Despite the success of BCMA-targeting CAR-Ts in multiple myeloma, patients with high-risk cytogenetic features still relapse most quickly and are in urgent need of additional therapeutic options. Here, we identify CD70, widely recognized as a favorable immunotherapy target in other cancers, as a specifically upregulated cell surface antigen in high risk myeloma tumors. We use a structure-guided design to define a CD27-based anti-CD70 CAR-T design that outperforms all tested scFv-based CARs, leading to >80-fold improved CAR-T expansion in vivo.

Reference Interval of Serum Gastrin 17 (G-17) for Healthy Population: A Non-Invasive Screening Biomarker for Gastric Disorders.

Objective: To analyse fasting serum concentrations of G-17 in healthy individuals to establish the reference intervals (RIs) in the Pakistani population.

Study Design: Cross-sectional, observational study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Clinical Chemistry and Immunology, Chughtai Institute of Pathology, Lahore, Pakistan, from October to December 2022.

Sensing the dependable surficial signatures of temporal groundwater variations in arid coastal regions through geospatial techniques with respect to microclimate changes.

Reports on Groundwater level variations and quality changes have been a critical issue, especially in arid regions. An attempt has been made in this study to determine the surface manifestations of groundwater variations through processing imageries for determining the changes in land use, Normalized Differential Building Index (NDBI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Land Surface Temperature (LST), along with Groundwater level (GWL) and Electrical conductivity (EC). Decadal variation between these parameters for 2013 and 2023 shows that the average water level had increased by 1.