Adverse drug reaction prevalence and mechanisms of action of first-line anti-tubercular drugs.

Purpose: Understanding the appearance of anti-tubercular drug-related adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in patients receiving tuberculosis (TB) treatment is important, and may be related to morbidity and mortality if not recognized early. Here, we aimed to characterize the mechanisms underlying adverse drug reactions due to combination anti-tuberculosis therapy of the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP).

Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in 9 DOTS centers of New Delhi, India.

A prospective randomized control study comparing classic laryngeal mask airway with Guedel's airway for tracheal tube exchange and smooth extubation.

Introduction: Extubation in deep plane of anesthesia followed by Guedel's oropharyngeal airway (OPA™) insertion is a routine method to avoid hemodynamic changes associated with tracheal extubation. Exchange of endotracheal tube (ETT) with Classic laryngeal mask airway (LMA™) prior to emergence from anesthesia also serves similar purpose. We had compared the hemodynamic changes involved during this ETT/LMA™ and ETT/OPA™ exchange technique.

Effect of peri-operative intravenous infusion of lignocaine on haemodynamic responses to intubation, extubation and post-operative analgesia.

Background And Aims: Lignocaine in intravenous (IV) bolus dose has been used for minimising haemodynamic changes associated with intubation and extubation. Furthermore, IV infusion has been used for post-operative analgesia. We investigated whether IV peri-operative lignocaine (bolus and infusion) would be able to produce both the effects simultaneously in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomies.

Assessment of Truflex articulating stylet versus conventional rigid Portex stylet as an intubation guide with the D-blade of C-Mac videolaryngoscope during elective tracheal intubation: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: A variety of videolaryngoscopes with angulated blade have been recently introduced into clinical practice. They provide an indirect view of the glottic structures in normal and challenging clinical settings. Despite the very good visualization of the laryngeal structures by these devices, the insertion and advancement of the endotracheal tube may be prolonged and occasionally fail as it does not conform to the enhanced angulation of the blade.

Comparison of classic laryngeal mask airway with Ambu laryngeal mask for tracheal tube exchange: A prospective randomized controlled study.

Background And Aim: Exchanging endotracheal tube (ETT) with classic laryngeal mask airway™ (CLMA™) prior to emergence from anaesthesia is a safe technique to prevent the coughing and haemodynamic changes during extubation. We had compared CLMA™ and AMBU laryngeal mask™ (ALM™) during ETT/laryngeal mask (LM) for haemodynamic changes and other parameters.

Methods: A total of 100 American Society of Anesthesiologist Grade I and II adult female patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 50 patients each.

Upper limb musculoskeletal abnormalities in type 2 diabetic patients in low socioeconomic strata in Pakistan.

Background: Musculoskeletal manifestations of diabetes in the upper limb are well recognized. No data has been available in this regard from Pakistan. Our aim was to find out the frequency of upper limb musculoskeletal abnormalities in diabetic patients.

Acute tongue enlargement secondary to pharyngeal packing after tracheal intubation--a case report.

Acute tongue enlargement is a potentially lethal complication which is mostly reported in neurosurgical cases in sitting position. Very rarely it is reported in supine position. Most importantly it is reported at the end of the surgical procedures.

Neiguan and jianshi acupoint stimulation AIDS hemodynamic stability in a cervical cord trauma patient.

A 36-year-old male patient with posttraumatic cervical cord damage and resultant quadriparesis, demonstrated hypotension and periods of bradycardia. For most of his two-month stay in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), he was dependent on dopamine support to maintain hemodynamic stability. Keeping in mind evidence from the literature, that electrostimulation of acupoints Neiguan (PC - 6) and Jianshi (PC - 5) has therapeutic efficacy in restoring hypotension, we treated this patient with two six-hour periods of electrostimulation at these acupoints.

Frequency of newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus in acute ischaemic stroke patients.

Objective: To determine the frequency of newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus in acute ischaemic stroke patients.

Study Design: Observational study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from June 2007 - June 2008.

Airway management in trauma.

Trauma has assumed epidemic proportion. 10% of global road accident deaths occur in India. Hypoxia and airway mismanagement are known to contribute up to 34% of pre-hospital deaths in these patients.

Hydrocortisone reduces postoperative shivering following day care knee arthroscopy.

Purpose: Postoperative shivering is commonly observed in patients after general anesthesia. A double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted in patients undergoing day care knee arthroscopy to test the hypothesis that a single intraoperative dose of hydrocortisone would prevent or attenuate postoperative shivering.

Methods: One hundred and twenty patients were given a nitrous oxide-isoflurane-remifentanil anesthetic.

Fentanyl and Midazolam induced Respiratory Arrest and Neuromuscular Paralysis during Day Care Surgery: A case report.

We report a 44 year-old, American Society of Anesthesiologist Class I (ASA I), female patient scheduled for elective excision of a small lipoma of the left thigh. She went into a 90 minute apnea and complete muscle paralysis as evidenced by the absence of all stimulatory responses by a peripheral nerve stimulator after receiving midazolam (1.0 mg) and fentanyl (100 μg) intravenously for sedation and analgaesia.

An Unnoticed Broken Sheathed Metallic Stylet in an Endotracheal Tube: A case report.

We report a 58-years old patient, who underwent surgery for a fracture to the neck of the femur. Tracheal intubation was performed with the aid of a stylet; however, 15 minutes later, it was brought to the notice of the attending anesthesiologist that a broken piece of stylet had been left inside the lumen of the endotracheal tube. Prior to this, there was no evidence of a foreign body in the endotracheal tube or tracheobronchial tree.

Hip resurfacing through a modified anterolateral approach, as compared with the Ganz trochanteric flip osteotomy: a two year follow-up study.

Hip resurfacing arthroplasty has conventionally been undertaken through the posterior approach. There has been evidence in the recently published literature to suggest that the posterior approach may compromise the blood supply to the femoral head, by disruption of the posterolateral hip capsule. Ganz et al have proposed the trochanteric 'flip' osteotomy through a lateral approach, to permit surgical dislocation of the hip without damaging the blood supply.