Co-occurring Psychopathology in Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Differences by Sex in the ECHO Cohorts.

Purpose: Our goals were to: 1) examine the occurrence of behavioral and emotional symptoms in children on the autism spectrum in a large national sample, stratifying by sex, and 2) evaluate whether children with increased autism-related social communication deficits also experience more behavioral and emotional problems.

Methods:  Participants (n = 7,998) were from 37 cohorts from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program. Cross-sectional information on demographic factors, parent-report of an ASD diagnosis by clinician, Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) scores, and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores were obtained for children aged 2.

Addressing Methodological Challenges in Follow-Up RCTs During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Impact of the Good Behavior Game and MyTeachingPartner™ on Teacher Burnout and Self-Efficacy.

Retention of early career teachers is a critical issue in education, with burnout and self-efficacy serving as important precursors to teachers leaving the field. An integration of the PAX Good Behavior Game (GBG; Barrish et al., 1969) and MyTeachingPartner (MTP; Allen et al.

Psychometric evaluation of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale in pregnant women.

Purpose: Although many women experience obsessive-compulsive symptoms during the perinatal period, the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) has not yet been psychometrically evaluated in this population. This study examined the internal consistency, convergent and divergent validity, and factor structure of the YBOCS among pregnant women.

Methods: 256 Women who were 20 to 24 weeks pregnant completed the clinician-administered YBOCS and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) along with a series of self-report questionnaires including the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS) and Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R).

A positive psychology framework for understanding teenage driving behaviors: Examining the role of life purpose and mindfulness.

Objective: The overwhelming majority of teenage driving research in the US is framed around characteristics associated with risk, rather than factors that promote safety. In this study, we examine the role of purpose in life and mindfulness as two factors that may be associated with safer driving behaviors.

Methods: Using survey responses from a nationally representative sample of teenagers (aged 16-19) we used structural equation modeling to construct three latent variables - sense of purpose, mindfulness, and risky driving-and evaluate the associations between these latent variables among teenage drivers.

Mothers and Babies Virtual Group (MBVG) for perinatal Latina women: study protocol for a hybrid type-1 effectiveness-implementation randomized controlled trial.

Background: Immigrant Latinas (who are foreign-born but now reside in the USA) are at greater risk for developing postpartum depression than the general perinatal population, but many face barriers to treatment. To address these barriers, we adapted the Mothers and Babies Course-an evidence-based intervention for postpartum depression prevention-to a virtual group format. Additional adaptations are inclusion of tailored supplemental child health content and nutrition benefit assistance.

Adolescent Psychotic Experiences and Adverse Mental Health Outcomes in Adulthood in a General Population Sample.

Purpose This study estimated risk of incident mental disorders in adulthood associated with both transient and persistent adolescent psychotic experiences (PEs). Methods A nested case-control design was used within the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a birth cohort study which recruited expectant mothers from 1991-1992. Participants consisted of 8822 offspring of ALSPAC mothers who completed the Psychosis-like Symptoms Interview Questionnaire (PLIKSi-Q).

Association of maternal fish consumption and ω-3 supplement use during pregnancy with child autism-related outcomes: results from a cohort consortium analysis.

Background: Prenatal fish intake is a key source of omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids needed for brain development, yet intake is generally low, and studies addressing associations with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and related traits are lacking.

Objective: This study aimed to examine associations of prenatal fish intake and ω-3 supplement use with both autism diagnosis and broader autism-related traits.

Methods: Participants were drawn from 32 cohorts in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Cohort Consortium.

A Universal Program to Improve Mental Health among Youth from Low-Income Predominantly Minority Communities: Implementation of Advocates 4 ALL Youth (ALLY).

Disparities in mental health care and access to care disproportionately affect youth from minoritized and low-income communities. School-based prevention programs have the potential to offer a non-stigmatized approach to mental health care as well as the ability to reach many students simultaneously. Advocates 4 All Youth (ALLY) is a program developed for 5-6th grade students aimed at improving self-efficacy and resilience via individualized sessions with a trusted adult (ALLYs).

Polysubstance Use among Maryland High School Students: Variations across County-Level School Districts.

Background: Polysubstance use is a highly prevalent public health issue, particularly among adolescents, and decisions on prevention programming and policies are often made at the local level. While there is a growing literature examining patterns of polysubstance use among adolescents, little is known about differences in those patterns across geographic regions.

Methods: Using a large, representative sample of high school students from the state of Maryland ( = 41,091) from the 2018 Maryland Youth Risk Behavior Survey, we conducted a latent class analysis (LCA) of adolescent substance use along nine binary indicators, including past 30-day combustible tobacco, e-cigarette, alcohol, and cannabis use, as well as lifetime use of prescription opioids, cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, and injection drug use.

Disparities in Medical School Clerkship Grades Associated With Sex, Race, and Ethnicity: A Person-Centered Approach.

Purpose: To determine whether students' self-reported race/ethnicity and sex were associated with grades earned in 7 core clerkships. A person-centered approach was used to group students based on observed clerkship grade patterns. Predictors of group membership and predictive bias by race/ethnicity and sex were investigated.

Longitudinal patterns of adversity from childhood to adolescence: Examining associations with mental health through emerging adulthood using a random-intercept latent transition analysis.

Childhood adversity can have detrimental impacts on life course mental and physical health. Timing, nature, severity, and chronicity of adversity are thought to explain much of the variability in health and developmental outcomes among exposed individuals. The current study seeks to characterize heterogeneity in adverse experiences over time at the individual, family, and neighborhood domains in a cohort of predominantly Black children (85% Black and 15% White, 46.

Demographic and health characteristics associated with fish and -3 fatty acid supplement intake during pregnancy: results from pregnancy cohorts in the ECHO programme.

Objective: -3 fatty acid consumption during pregnancy is recommended for optimal pregnancy outcomes and offspring health. We examined characteristics associated with self-reported fish or -3 supplement intake.

Design: Pooled pregnancy cohort studies.

Drivers of men's use of intimate partner violence in conflict-affected settings: learnings from the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Background: Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is prevalent in conflict-affected settings. Yet, there is limited knowledge about the risk factors that influence men's use of IPVAW in conflict-affected settings. This paper adopts a transdisciplinary perspective to understand how experiences hypothesized to increase men's use of IPVAW relate to each other and to men's use of IPVAW.

Atopic dermatitis, cognitive function and psychiatric comorbidities across early childhood and adolescence in a population-based UK birth cohort.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) may affect cognitive function, but studies are limited and inconsistent. The effect of AD severity on cognition remains underexplored and few previous studies have examined clinically validated or repeated measures of cognition throughout childhood.

Objectives: To evaluate the relationship of AD activity and severity with validated measures of general cognition in a longitudinal birth cohort.

Introduction to the Special Issue on Innovations and Applications of Integrative Data Analysis (IDA) and Related Data Harmonization Procedures in Prevention Science.

This paper serves as an introduction to the special issue of Prevention Science entitled, "Innovations and Applications of Integrative Data Analysis (IDA) and Related Data Harmonization Procedures in Prevention Science." This special issue includes a collection of original papers from multiple disciplines that apply individual-level data synthesis methodologies, including IDA, individual participant meta-analysis, and other related methods to harmonize and integrate multiple datasets from intervention trials of the same or similar interventions. This work builds on a series of papers appearing in a prior Prevention Science special issue, entitled "Who Benefits from Programs to Prevent Adolescent Depression?" (Howe, Pantin, & Perrino, 2018).

Neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes of very preterm infants: latent profile analysis in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program.

Background: Very preterm infants are at high risk for neurodevelopmental impairments. We used a child-centered approach (latent profile analysis [LPA]) to describe 2-year neurobehavioral profiles for very preterm infants based on cognitive, motor, and behavioral outcomes. We hypothesized that distinct outcome profiles would differ in the severity and co-occurrence of neurodevelopmental and behavioral impairment.

Prevention and promotion effects of Self Help Plus: secondary analysis of cluster randomised controlled trial data among South Sudanese refugee women in Uganda.

Introduction: Evidence-based and scalable prevention and promotion focused mental health and psychosocial support interventions are needed for conflict-affected populations in humanitarian settings. This study retrospectively assessed whether participation in Self Help Plus (SH+) versus enhanced usual care (EUC) resulted in reduced incidence of probable mental disorder and increased positive mental health and well-being post-intervention among South Sudanese refugee women in Uganda.

Methods: This study used secondary data from treatment-oriented pilot (n=50) and fully-powered cluster randomised controlled trials (cRCT)s (n=694) of SH+ versus EUC.

Psychosis Symptom Trajectories Across Childhood and Adolescence in Three Longitudinal Studies: An Integrative Data Analysis with Mixture Modeling.

Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are common throughout childhood, and the presence of these experiences is a significant risk factor for poor mental health later in development. Given the association of PLEs with a broad number of mental health diagnoses, these experiences serve as an important malleable target for early preventive interventions. However, little is known about these experiences across childhood.

Using Epigenetic Clocks to Characterize Biological Aging in Studies of Children and Childhood Exposures: a Systematic Review.

Biological age, measured via epigenetic clocks, offers a unique and useful tool for prevention scientists to explore the short- and long-term implications of age deviations for health, development, and behavior. The use of epigenetic clocks in pediatric research is rapidly increasing, and there is a need to review the landscape of this work to understand the utility of these clocks for prevention scientists. We summarize the current state of the literature on the use of specific epigenetic clocks in childhood.

The relationship between neighborhood typologies and self-rated health in Maryland: A latent class analysis.

Despite widespread evidence that neighborhood conditions impact health, few studies apply theory to clarify the physical and social factors in communities that drive health outcomes. Latent class analysis (LCA) addresses such gaps by identifying distinct neighborhood typologies and the joint influence that neighborhood-level factors play in health promotion. In the current study, we conducted a theory-driven investigation to describe Maryland neighborhood typologies and examined differences in area-level self-rated poor mental and physical health across typologies.

Family environment and polygenic risk in the bipolar high-risk context.

Background: The interaction of polygenic risk (PRS) and environmental effects on development of bipolar disorder (BD) is understudied, as are high-risk offspring perceptions of their family environment (FE). We tested the association of offspring-perceived FE in interaction with BD-PRS on liability for BD in offspring at high or low familial risk for BD.

Methods: Offspring of a parent with BD (oBD;  = 266) or no psychiatric disorders ( = 174), aged 12-21 at recruitment, participated in the US and Australia.

Latent Class Analysis of Prenatal Substance Exposure and Child Behavioral Outcomes.

Objectives: To predict behavioral disruptions in middle childhood, we identified latent classes of prenatal substance use.

Study Design: As part of the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Program, we harmonized prenatal substance use data and child behavior outcomes from 2195 women and their 6- to 11-year-old children across 10 cohorts in the US and used latent class-adjusted regression models to predict parent-rated child behavior.

Results: Three latent classes fit the data: low use (90.

Prenatal Substance Exposure: Associations with Neurodevelopment in Middle Childhood.

Objective: Single-substance exposure effects on neurodevelopmental outcomes, such as problem behavior and intelligence quotient (IQ), have been studied in children for decades. However, the long-term consequences of polysubstance exposure are poorly understood.

Study Design: Longitudinal neurodevelopmental data were gathered from cohorts across the United States through the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes Program.