Effect of dual tobacco smoking of hookah and cigarettes on semen parameters of infertile men.

Introduction: The research regarding the effect of hookah smoking on health is still deficient, even though it has been proven to jeopardize human health by raising the hazard of different types of cancers, infections, and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to study the effect of dual tobacco smoking (hookah and cigarettes) on semen parameters of infertile men.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we studied the effect of different types of smoking patterns on human semen parameters among men who visited IVF laboratories to do a seminal fluid analysis (SFA).