Radiographic changes in ribs following clipping of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants.

Objectives: There are no published reports on the rib abnormalities on the plain chest radiograph in preterm infants following surgical clipping of isolated patent ductus arteriosus. The purpose of this study was to describe changes in the ribs on the plain chest radiograph following surgical clipping of patent ductus arteriosus (surgery groups) in preterm infants compared to non-surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus (control group).

Methods: Data from preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus clipping (surgery) via a left postero-lateral thoracotomy were compared with infants in whom the patent ductus arteriosus closed: spontaneously, with medications or use of an occlusive device (controls).

The Two-bag System for Intravenous Fluid Management of Children with Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Experience from a Community-Based Hospital.

Intravenous fluid (IVF) administration using the two-bag system compared with the one-bag system in children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) admitted between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2016. Retrospective cohort study. Community-based hospital.

Plastic bronchitis in children.

Cast or plastic bronchitis (PB) is an unusual disorder that is rarely encountered in children. Plastic bronchitis is characterized by widespread formation of casts in the tracheobronchial tree with partial or complete airway obstruction. The pathologist may receive bronchial casts that have been removed by bronchoscopy for gross and histopathologic analysis.

Lipoxin A(4) and 8-isoprostane in the exhaled breath condensate of children hospitalized for status asthmaticus.

Objective: To measure levels of 8-isoprostane and Lipoxin A4 in the exhaled breath condensate of children (7-17 yrs old) recovering from status asthmaticus in a pediatric intensive care unit and to compare their respective levels in the exhaled breath condensate collected from age-matched "healthy" children enrolled from an ambulatory pediatric clinic during well-child visits.

Design: Prospective case-controlled study.

Setting: Teaching hospitals and a research laboratory.

Intussusception caused by heterotopic pancreatic tissue in a child.

Intussusception is the leading cause of intestinal obstruction in children and is almost invariably idiopathic. Occasionally, there is a lead point for the intussusception. Intussusception caused by heterotopic pancreas (HPT) as the lead point is exceedingly rare.

8-Isoprostane in the exhaled breath condensate of children hospitalized for status asthmaticus.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and feasibility of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) collection in children recovering from status asthmaticus (SA) in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU); and to investigate whether 8-isoprostane (8-Iso) could be detected in the EBC of these children and to compare its concentration with that in the EBC collected from healthy children.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: Multidisciplinary PICU in a teaching hospital.

Effects of flow rate and airleak at the nares and mouth opening on positive distending pressure delivery using commercially available high-flow nasal cannula systems: a lung model study.

Objectives: Use of high-flow humidified nasal cannulas to deliver continuous positive airway pressure in children is increasing. Data on the relationship between the flow values and the corresponding pressures are limited. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the relationship between the device, intraprong, and proximal airway pressures and the flow values in a neonatal/pediatric test lung model, using the Vapotherm 2000i and Fisher-Paykel humidified nasal cannulas devices.

Sedation with propofol for flexible bronchoscopy in children.

Background: The purpose of this study was to report our experience with intravenous propofol (IVP) sedation for flexible bronchoscopy (FB) in children.

Methods: The following data were collected: demographics, pre- and post-procedure diagnoses, induction time (IT), sedation time (ST), procedure time (PT), time to discharge from the hospital (TTD), induction dose (ID) of IVP, total dose (TD) of IVP, and complications. HR, RR, systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and SpO(2) were recorded every 5 min.

The relationship between asthma and overweight in urban minority children.

Background: This study was performed to determine the relationship between overweight [body mass index (BMI) > or = 85th percentile] and asthma as determined by spirometry.

Method: Spirometry was performed according to the American Thoracic Society guidelines, and BMI was calculated. Asthma was defined as a forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) <80% predicted and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) >5% lower than predicted for age and sex.

Invasive aspergillosis in children with hematologic malignancies.

The respiratory tract is the most common system affected by aspergillosis in children with hematologic malignancies. However, Aspergillus spp. tend to invade blood vessels, resulting in systemic dissemination to multiple organs including, but not limited to, the brain, bones, liver, kidneys, and skin.

Necrotizing fasciitis caused by Aeromonas hydrophilia in an immunocompetent child.

Necrotizing fasciitis is a rapidly progressive and potentially fatal infection. It is characterized by extensive subcutaneous and muscle necrosis. Aeromonus hydrophilia is a gram-negative faculatively anaerobic bacillus that is part of the normal flora of nonfecal sewage and is found in most water systems, soil, and fresh brackish water.

Kawasaki disease hospitalizations in a predominantly African-American population.

This is a descriptive study of the occurrence of Kawasaki disease (KD) in an urban population that was a majority of African Americans. Records of 189 children (mean age, 2.9 +/- 2.

Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to review the clinical features, laboratory findings and the risk factors associated with invasive group A streptococcal infections in children admitted to our institution over a 9-year period (January 1, 1990 through December 31, 1999).

Methods: Medical records of children who had a positive blood culture for group A beta-hemolytic streptococci and children who had this organism isolated from any other sterile site were identified and retrospectively reviewed.

Results: Forty-one children with invasive GAS were identified, of whom 15 (36%) were diagnosed between 1990 and 1994, while the balance (26 patients, 63%) were diagnosed between 1995 and 1999 (p< 0.

Oral dextromethorphan reduces perioperative analgesic administration in children undergoing tympanomastoid surgery.

Objective: To determine whether oral dextromethorphan (1 mg/kg) given one hour prior to surgery decreases opioid administration in the perioperative period in children undergoing tympanomastoid surgery.

Methods: This was a prospective randomized double-blinded and placebo-controlled study in which 20 male and 18 female children (age 11.5 +/- 3.

Ambulatory tympanomastoid surgery in children: factors affecting hospital admission.

Objective: To identify clinical factors associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and failure to discharge from the hospital on the day of surgery in children undergoing tympanomastoid surgery.

Design: Records of 144 children undergoing 152 tympanomastoid surgical procedures from July 1, 2001, through June 30, 2002, were retrospectively reviewed and the data analyzed.

Setting: A tertiary care university-affiliated hospital.

Treatment of invasive Aspergillosis in children with hematologic malignancies.

The respiratory tract is the most common organ involved with Aspergillosis in children with hematologic malignancies. Also Aspergillus species tend to invade blood vessels resulting in systemic dissemination to multiple organs. Early diagnosis and treatment are pivotal to the patient's outcome.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome associated with ziprasidone in an adolescent.

Background: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare but potentially fatal disorder characterized by fever, muscular rigidity, delirium, and autonomic instability. Although the classic presentation of NMS has been most commonly associated with the typical neuroleptic medications, sporadic cases in association with atypical neuroleptic medications have been reported.

Objective: We describe a case report of a pediatric patient with NMS associated with the use of the atypical antipsychotic medication ziprasidone hydrochloride.

Clinical outcome of perioperative airway and ventilatory management in children undergoing craniofacial surgery.

Data on the management of perioperative airway and ventilatory support in children undergoing craniofacial surgery are limited. The purpose of this study was to review the authors' experience with airway management and ventilatory support during the perioperative period in children undergoing craniofacial surgery. Ninety-five consecutive children underwent 99 craniofacial procedures from July 1, 1999, through June 30, 2002.

beta-Hemolytic group F streptococcal bacteremia in children.

Group F beta-hemolytic streptococci cause purulent disease and bacteremia in adults. Infections with these organisms are rare in previously healthy children. We report three cases of group F beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia in previously healthy infants and children diagnosed at a single institution during a period of 10 years.