The relative risk of clinically relevant cholelithiasis among glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, real-world study.

Background And Aim: The association between biliary disorders with weight reduction enhanced by GLP-1RAs was observed frequently, nevertheless, the relative risk of the clinically relevant cholelithiasis was not specified clearly among different GLP-1RAs.

Methods: 308 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) were recruited and divided into 4 groups; liraglutide, dulaglutide, semaglutide, versus control group; comprised of 69, 76, 71, and 92, respectively. Clinical history, examination, laboratory, and radiology tests were implemented.

Helicobacter pylori infection and risk of salmonella infection.

Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection is the most frequent infection worldwide and it has been postulated that it predisposes to multiple enteric pathogens and diarrheal diseases. Salmonella infection is common in tropical and under developed communities and is associated with wide range of diseases from gastroenteritis to typhoid fever. This study aimed at detecting the impact of H pylori infection on the incidence of salmonella infections.

Associated vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for the complication of HCV-related liver cirrhosis including hepatic encephalopathy and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.

The influence of vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), deficiency on hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis had been poorly elucidated especially in patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). We aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of SBP or HE, including the mortality rate. Serum 25(OH)D levels were prospectively determined in 135 patients.

Demographic, Endoscopic and Histopathologic Features Among Stool Positive and Stool Negative Patients With Dyspepsia.

Background: Dyspepsia is a common presentation for many patients in gastroenterology clinics. () infection is endemic in many countries around the world and its relation to dyspepsia has long been questioned. This study aimed at comparing demographic, endoscopic and histologic features among dyspeptic patients with and without stool antigen positivity.