Exploring the bioactivity potential of indigenous species from Northern Serbia: insights into antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase properties.

This study explores the bioactivity potential of four indigenous species from northern Serbia (, , , and ), comparing antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase (anti-AChE) properties. The mycochemical profile, including ethanol (EtOH), water (HO), and chloroform (CHCl) extracts, was analysed, revealing significant phenolic compounds, such as 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid. Highest total phenolic content (TP) was in EtOH extracts (205 - 380 mg GAE/g d.

Bres. and Boud. as Potential Therapeutic Agents: A Comparative Study on Antiproliferative and Lipid-Lowering Properties.

Medicinal mushrooms, especially species, hold immense promise for the production of a wide range of bioactive compounds with various effects. The biochemical potential of indigenous fungal strains, specific to a region, could play a critical role in the continuous search for novel strains with superior activities on a global scale. This research focused on the ethanolic (EtOH) and hot-water (HO) extracts of fruiting bodies of two wild-growing species: and with the aim of assessing their nutritional (total carbohydrate content-TCC) and mineral composition in relation to bioactive properties: antioxidant, antiproliferative and lipid-lowering.

Unveiling Fungi Armor: Preliminary Study on Fortifying L. Seeds against Drought with Fries 1815 Polysaccharide Fractions.

Amidst worsening climate change, drought stress imperils global agriculture, jeopardizing crop yields and food security, thereby necessitating the urgent exploration of sustainable methods like biopriming for the harnessing of beneficial microorganisms to bolster plant resilience. Recent research has revealed diverse biological compounds with versatile applications produced by , rendering this fungus as a promising contender for biopriming applications. For the first time, this study aimed to investigate the potential of exo- (EPSH) and intra-polysaccharides (IPSH) isolated from two strains-Italian (ITA) and Serbian (SRB)-under submerged cultivation to enhance the resilience of L.

Development of a Novel Statistical Model for Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Stroke Patients With Tandem Occlusions After Endovascular Therapy.

Background: Tandem occlusions are intracranial large vessel occlusions (LVOs) with a concomitant ipsilateral extracranial internal carotid artery occlusion and can cause more severe stroke symptoms.

Aim: To develop a simple, rigorously cross-validated novel tool to predict clinical outcomes following tandem occlusion in patients with acute LVO stroke, based on data that are easily available to clinicians. To have used machine learning approaches to utilize the available information from clinical and angiographic data to make predictive models able to distinguish between mortality versus survival and good (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤ 2) versus unfavorable neurological outcomes (mRs ≥ 3) Materials and methods: Retrospective data from 87 consecutive patients with anterior circulation stroke and tandem occlusions who underwent mechanical thrombectomy and stenting between December 2009 and January 2020 were analyzed.

Bioactivity Profiling of (Bolton) J. Schröt. 1888: Implications for Its Possible Application in Enhancing Women's Reproductive Health.

This study investigates the bioactivity profile of wood-rotting fungal species (Bolton) J. Schröt. 1888, focusing on its antioxidant, cytotoxic, and genotoxic activities and enzyme modulation properties with respect to its possible application in terms of enhancing women's reproductive health.

Antioxidant proficiency in Serbian mushrooms: a comparative study on L. 1753 from mycorrhizal and edible niches.

This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potential of autochthonous through LC-MS/MS profiling, total phenolic content (TP), total protein content (TPR), and antioxidant capabilities (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays) across various extracts (CHCl, acetone, 70% EtOH, 80% MeOH, and hot water). LC-MS/MS analysis revealed a predominant presence of quinic acid in polar solvents (ranging from 531.37 to 676.

Variations in Proline Content, Polyamine Profiles, and Antioxidant Capacities among Different Provenances of European Beech ( L.).

International provenance trials are a hot topic in forestry, and in light of climate change, the search for more resilient beech provenances and their assisted migration is one of the challenges of climate-smart forestry. The main aim of the study was to determine intraspecific variability in European beech ( L.) among 11 beech provenances according to total antioxidant capacities estimated by various assays, such as DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assay, and radical scavenging capacity against nitric oxide (RSC-NO assays), as well as osmolyte content, primarily individual polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine), and free proline content.

Exploring biodiversity and ethnobotanical significance of species in Uzbekistan: unveiling the cultural wealth and ethnopharmacological uses.

Despite its millennial existence and empirical documentation, the ethnological knowledge of herbs is a more recent phenomenon. The knowledge of their historical uses as food, medicine, source of income and small-scale businesses, and the sociological impacts are threatened due to the slow ethnobotanical research drive. Species of the genus have long been extensively used in folk medicine to treat various illnesses of humans since the dawn of civilization.

Comparison of fatty acids and amino acids profiles of the selected perennial and annual wheat varieties from Kazakhstan.

This study applied various chromatographic methods to assess the chemical composition of five selected perennial and annual wheat seed varieties cultivated in Kazakhstan. Gas Chromatography (GC) analysis revealed distinct fatty acid profiles, with perennial, soft, and durum annual wheat seeds displaying varying levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (SFA: 10.538 - 19.

Polyamines in Edible and Medicinal Fungi from Serbia: A Novel Perspective on Neuroprotective Properties.

The therapeutic effectiveness of current neurodegenerative disease treatments is still under debate because of problems with bioavailability and a range of side effects. Fungi, which are increasingly recognized as sources of natural antioxidants and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme inhibitors, may thus serve as potent neuroprotective agents. Previous studies have associated the anti-AChE and antioxidant activities of fungi mostly with polysaccharides and phenolic compounds, while other secondary metabolites such as polyamines (PAs) have been neglected.

CARRoT: R-package for predictive modelling by means of regression, adjusted for multiple regularisation methods.

We present an R-package for predictive modelling, CARRoT (Cross-validation, Accuracy, Regression, Rule of Ten). CARRoT is a tool for initial exploratory analysis of the data, which performs exhaustive search for a regression model yielding the best predictive power with heuristic 'rules of thumb' and expert knowledge as regularization parameters. It uses multiple hold-outs in order to internally validate the model.

Is intraprocedural intravenous aspirin safe for patients who require emergent extracranial stenting during mechanical thrombectomy?

Background: Intraoperative antiplatelet therapy is recommended for emergent stenting during mechanical thrombectomy (MT). Most patients undergoing MT are also given thrombolysis. Antiplatelet agents are contraindicated within 24 hours of thrombolysis.

Macrofungi as Medicinal Resources in Uzbekistan: Biodiversity, Ethnomycology, and Ethnomedicinal Practices.

Interest in edible and medicinal macrofungi is millennial in terms of their uses in health and food products in Central Asia, while interest in inedible and medicinal macrofungi has grown in popularity in recent years. Edible and inedible medicinal basidiomycetes were collected during field surveys from different regions of Uzbekistan. The morphological characters and similarity assessment of rDNA-Internal Transcribed Spacer sequence data were used to measure diversity and habitat associations.

Impact of Extremes of BMI on Outcomes following Lung Resection.

Background:  Body mass index (BMI) has been shown to be an independent predictor of survival following lung resection surgery. This study aimed to quantify the short- to midterm impact of abnormal BMI on postoperative outcomes.

Methods:  Lung resections at a single institution were examined between 2012 and 2021.

Do Species Represent Novel Sources of Phenolic Based Antimicrobial Agents?

species have been recognized as potential antimicrobial (AM) agents and have been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for a long time. The aim of this study is to examine the AM potential of autochthonous species (, , and ) from Serbia. The extraction of fungal material was prepared in different solvents (ethanol-EtOH, water-HO, chloroform-CHCl).

Effects of UV Stress in Promoting Antioxidant Activities in Fungal Species (L.) Lloyd and (Curtis) Singer.

and , after submerged cultivation, with intermittent exposure to ultraviolet light (UV), were studied for Total Phenolic content (TP) and Total Proteins (TPR) contents and antioxidant properties against free radicals. The TP and TPR were determined by a spectrophotometric method and Lowry's assay, respectively. Liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to quantify polyphenols.

Bayesian networks identify determinants of outcomes following cardiac surgery in a UK population.

Background: Traditional risk stratification tools do not describe the complex principle determinant relationships that exist amongst pre-operative and peri-operative factors and their influence on cardiac surgical outcomes. This paper reports on the use of Bayesian networks to investigate such outcomes.

Methods: Data were prospectively collected from 4776 adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery at a single UK institute between April 2012 and May 2019.

Genome-wide RNA polymerase stalling shapes the transcriptome during aging.

Gene expression profiling has identified numerous processes altered in aging, but how these changes arise is largely unknown. Here we combined nascent RNA sequencing and RNA polymerase II chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing to elucidate the underlying mechanisms triggering gene expression changes in wild-type aged mice. We found that in 2-year-old liver, 40% of elongating RNA polymerases are stalled, lowering productive transcription and skewing transcriptional output in a gene-length-dependent fashion.

Quality Multiverse of Beef and Pork Meat in a Single Score.

The rationale behind this review is the potential of developing a single score tool for meat quality evaluation based on visual and sensorial assessments of fresh meat. Based on the known sensory wheel concept, the first step was to create quality wheels capturing most common intrinsic and extrinsic quality cues of pork and beef outlined in the latest scientific papers. This resulted in identifying meat color, sensory characteristics and fat content as the most important intrinsic quality cues of fresh beef and pork.

Reformulation of Traditional Fermented Sausage Utilizing Novel (Digital) Methods of Analysis.

The main objective of this paper was to investigate the effect of fat reduction on different quality traits of sausage. This study also aimed to deploy the following digital methods of analysis: three-dimensional (3D) laser imaging, computer vision system and oral processing. Three batches of sausage with different amounts of pork back fat were manufactured: control (25%), medium fat (17.

Characterisation of changes in physicochemical, textural and microbiological properties of sausage during ripening.

The purpose of this paper was to investigate effect of ripening time on physicochemical, textural and microbiological properties of (dry fermented sausage) during ripening and to conduct sensory and free fatty acid characterization of final product. Ripening time significantly ( < 0.05) affected all physicochemical parameters.

Mushroom Species Stereum hirsutum as Natural Source of Phenolics and Fatty Acids as Antioxidants and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors.

Many lignicolous mushroom species are used as a food supplement and may represent an alternative treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to evaluate acetylcholinesterase inhibition (AChEI) of Stereum hirsutum together with antioxidant activity (AO) and cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cells. Different extracts (water, ethanol, methanol, polysaccharide) were analyzed, with respect to their mineral composition and chemical content.

Comparison of Two Strains in Production of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors and Antioxidants from Submerged Cultivation.

In recent years, fungi have been recognized as producers of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, agents important for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to examine the AChE inhibitory, the antioxidative and antibacterial activity of two different strains that originated from Serbia (SRB) and Italy (IT). Submerged cultivation of grown mycelia (M) and fermentation broth (F) of ethanol (EtOH) and polysaccharide (PSH) extracts lasted for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days.

The use of hypnotherapy as treatment for functional stroke: A case series from a single center in the UK.

Background: Functional neurological disorder is defined by symptoms not explained by the current model of disease and its pathophysiology. It is found in 8.4% of patients presenting as acute stroke.