Incidence of hip fractures in Mexico 2006-2019: increasing numbers but decreasing rates.

Unlabelled: This study, characterizing the incidence of hip fractures in Mexico, showed not only that the crude number of fractures has increased, but also there has been a decrease in fracture rates. Nonetheless, as the population ages in the coming decades, the current declines rate of could be expected to reverse.

Purpose: This study is to examine the incidence, rates, and time trends of hip fractures from 2006 to 2019 in Mexico.

Relationship between air quality and asthma-related emergency hospital admissions in Mexico City 2017-2019.

Background: Previous studies found exposure to air pollution leads to exacerbations of asthma in paediatric and adult patients and increases asthma-related emergency hospital admissions (AREHA).

Methods: AREHAs and levels of air pollutants (PM, PM and NO) were obtained from Mexico City for the period 2017-2019. A time-series approach was used to explore the relationship between air pollutants and AREHA.

Trends (2007-2019) of major atopic diseases throughout the life span in a large Mexican population.

Background: Major atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis (AR), and asthma share the same atopic background, but they often show differences in their epidemiological behavior.

Objective: We aimed to report the profile of these atopic diseases in a large Mexican population, including their age-related incidences, male:female (M:F) ratios, recent time trends, and association with altitude.

Methods: Registries from the largest, nationwide health institution in Mexico (more than 34 million insured subjects), were reviewed.

Comparative epidemiology of five waves of COVID-19 in Mexico, March 2020-August 2022.

Background: The Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) is the largest health care provider in Mexico, covering about 48% of the Mexican population. In this report, we describe the epidemiological patterns related to confirmed cases, hospitalizations, intubations, and in-hospital mortality due to COVID-19 and associated factors, during five epidemic waves recorded in the IMSS surveillance system.

Methods: We analyzed COVID-19 laboratory-confirmed cases from the Online Epidemiological Surveillance System (SINOLAVE) from March 29th, 2020, to August 27th, 2022.

Fracture incidence in children and adolescents 0-19 years old in Mexico: a 12-year cross-sectional analysis.

Unlabelled: The objective was to know the behavior of fractures in Mexican children and adolescents. According to our study, fractures in Mexican male children and adolescents seem to be decreasing; however, we still need more national studies to know the possible causes of these fractures.

Purpose: To describe the trends of fractures in Mexican children and adolescents across a 12-year period (2007 to 2019), and to analyze if these trends have changed over time between sexes and age groups.

Hypertension, Diabetes and Obesity, Major Risk Factors for Death in Patients with COVID-19 in Mexico.

Background: Mexico has reported high death and case fatality rates due to COVID-19. Several comorbidities have been related to mortality in COVID-19, as hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive lung disease and chronic kidney disease.

Aims: To describe the main clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in the major social security institution in Mexico, as well as the contribution of chronic comorbidities and the population attributable fraction related to them.

Type 1 diabetes incidence in children and adolescents in Mexico: Data from a nation-wide institutional register during 2000-2018.

Aims: To describe the annual incidence of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents insured by the Mexican Institute of Social Security, the main health provider in Mexico, during 2000-2018.

Methods: We conducted a secondary data analyses using the incidence registers from the Epidemiological Surveillance Coordination of the Mexican Institute of Social Security collected during 2000-2018. Incident type 1 diabetes cases (age 19 years old and below) were identified using ICD-10-CM E10 diagnostic codes.

Incidence, mortality and associated costs of lung cancer in the Mexican Institute of Social Security.

Objective: To describe temporal trends in lung cancer incidence, mortality and associated health care costs in the Mexican Institute of Social Security.

Materials And Methods: . Incident cases were estimated from hospital discharges in 276 IMSS hospitals between 2006 and 2016.

Factors related to changes in the asthma male: female ratio by age in 403 Mexican counties.

Background: Asthma is more frequent in males during childhood and in females after adolescence, which has been attributed to changes in sexual hormones levels.

Objective: We explored changes of the asthma male: female ratio (AMFR) by age group in a large population (nationwide), and its ecological association (at county level) with some medical, geographical, or sociodemographic factors.

Methods: Registries of the largest medical institution in Mexico (∼37.

[Prevalencia de complicaciones de la diabetes y comorbilidades asociadas en medicina familiar del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social].

Introduction: The prevalence of chronic complications and comorbidities in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased worldwide.

Objective: To compare the prevalence of complications and chronic comorbidities in patients with T2D at 36 family medicine units of five chapters of the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS).

Method: Complications (hypoglycemia, diabetic foot, kidney disease, retinopathy, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and heart failure) and comorbidities (liver disease, cancer and anemia) were identified according to codes of the International Classification of Diseases, 10 Revision.

Altitude above 1500 m is a major determinant of asthma incidence. An ecological study.

Background: Previous studies suggest an inverse correlation between asthma and altitude. In the present work, we performed an in-depth analysis of asthma incidence in the 758 Mexican counties covered by the largest medical institution in the country (∼37.5 million insured subjects), and evaluated its relationships with altitude and other factors.

Stepwise strategies to successfully recruit diabetes patients in a large research study in Mexican population.

Aims: Describe stepwise strategies (electronic chart review, patient preselection, call-center, personnel dedicated to recruitment) for the successful recruitment of >5000 type 2 diabetes patients in four months.

Methods: Twenty-five family medicine clinics from Mexico City and the State of Mexico participated: 13 usual care, 6 specialized diabetes care and 6 chronic disease care. Appointments were scheduled from 11/3/2015 to 3/31/2016.

Cancer mortality in the Mexican Social Security Institute, 1989-2013.

Unlabelled: Objetive: To analyze cancer mortality in affiliates of the Mexican Social Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social - IMSS) and time trends in the risk of death due to cancer from 1989 to 2013.

Materials And Methods: A descriptive analysis of cancer mortality trends in beneficiaries of the IMSS was performed. Age- and sex-adjusted mortality rates were obtained using direct standardization with the WHO population.

The burden of disease of cancer in the Mexican Social Security Institute.

Objective: To estimate the disease burden of cancer in the affiliate population of the Mexican Social Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS) in 2010 by delegation.

Materials And Methods: The Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years of Life Lost (YLL) due to premature mortality and Years Lived with Disability/Disease (YLD) for 21 specific cancers and a subgroup of other malignant neoplasms were calculated based on the methodology of the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) for each of the 35 delegations of the IMSS.

Results: In 2010, cancer represented the fifth overall leading cause of disease burden in IMSS affiliates (16.

Evaluation of the impact on non-communicable chronic diseases of a major integrated primary health care program in Mexico.

Background: Primary health care is the best framework for implementing actions for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases at an appropriate scale. In 2002, the Mexican Institute for Social Security (IMSS), which provides health care to half of the Mexican population, implemented a primary care-based integrated program that included the improvement of the family health care practice and a preventive strategy called PREVENIMSS, to reduce the burden of disease.

Objective: To asess the impact of this program on selected non-communicable chronic diseases.

[Trends of cancer mortality rates in children and adolescents by level of marginalization in Mexico (1990-2009)].

Objective: To determine childhood and adolescent cancer mortality by the level of marginalization in Mexico.

Materials And Methods: We used 1990-2009 death certificates estimating age-standardized rates. We calculated the Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) using the Joinpoint Regression program available at the National Cancer Institute to assess tendency.

Recrudescent wave of pandemic A/H1N1 influenza in Mexico, winter 2011-2012: Age shift and severity.

Background: A substantial recrudescent wave of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 that began in December 2011 is ongoing and has not yet peaked in Mexico, following a 2-year period of sporadic transmission. Mexico previously experienced three pandemic waves of A/H1N1 in 2009, associated with higher excess mortality rates than those reported in other countries, and prompting a large influenza vaccination campaign. Here we describe changes in the epidemiological patterns of the ongoing 4th pandemic wave in 2011-12, relative to the earlier waves in 2009.

Distribution of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in Mexican children and adolescents.

Objective: Several cutoff points of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; varying from 2.5 to 4.0) have been suggested for diagnosing IR in youth.

[Sickness absence certification from the medical perspective].

Sickness absence certification is a medical task with important clinical, social, occupational and ethical implications, in addition to economic consequences for the worker, the employers and social security institutions. In 2007, IMSS affiliated workers received certifications for 65,384,690 days of absence, with cash benefits for 8.1 billion pesos.

[Geometric coding and cluster analysis to assess metabolic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].

Objective: Determine the frequency of combinations of higher-than-normal metabolic control parameters, using geometric coding and hierarchical cluster analysis, in patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2)

Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Mexico to assess a group of 1 051 patients with DM2. The inclusion criteria were to have one or more of the following values: fasting glucose of 130 mg/dL, total cholesterol of 240 mg/dL, total triglycerides of 200 mg/dL, Body Mass Index of 27 kg/m(2), and systolic blood pressure higher than 130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure higher than 85 mmHg. Through geometric coding, the frequencies of all combinations were obtained.

An analysis of spatial and socio-economic determinants of tuberculosis in Hermosillo, Mexico, 2000-2006.

Setting: The city of Hermosillo, in Northwest Mexico, has a higher incidence of tuberculosis (TB) than the national average. However, the intra-urban TB distribution, which could limit the effectiveness of preventive strategies and control, is unknown.

Methods: Using geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial analysis, we characterized the geographical distribution of TB by basic geostatistical area (BGA), and compared it with a social deprivation index.

Infection and death from influenza A H1N1 virus in Mexico: a retrospective analysis.

Background: In April, 2009, the first cases of influenza A H1N1 were registered in Mexico and associated with an unexpected number of deaths. We report the timing and spread of H1N1 in cases, and explore protective and risk factors for infection, severe disease, and death.

Methods: We analysed information gathered by the influenza surveillance system from April 28 to July 31, 2009, for patients with influenza-like illness who attended clinics that were part of the Mexican Institute for Social Security network.

Dietary factors related to the increase of cardiovascular risk factors in traditional Tepehuanos communities from Mexico. A 10 year follow-up study.

Background And Aims: Tepehuanos Indians, a traditional Mexican ethnic group, followed a vegetarian diet exhibiting a low prevalence of obesity and the absence of diabetes. However, from the year 2000 the traditional diet of the Tepehuanos was modified by the introduction of western food. In this study we examine the changes in their customary diet and its impact on the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in this group.

[Infant mortality from congenital malformations in Mexico: an issue of opportunity and access to treatment].

Objectives: To evaluate the role that Mexico's National Health System (Sistema Nacional de Salud-SNS) has played in the task of reducing the number of deaths due to congenital malformations through a trends analysis of cause-specific infant mortality rates (IMRcs).

Methods: Time-series analysis of deaths of boys and girls under 1 year of age from 1980-2005, according to databases of national and annual mortality maintained by the Secretariat of Health of Mexico. Cause-specific mortality rates were calculated for the most frequently occurring, severe, congenital malformations in Mexico: neural tube defects, diaphragmatic hernias, exomphalos (omphalocele and gastroschisis), and heart and digestive tract defects, grouped according to severity, degree of technological sophistication required for treatment, and most frequent outcome.

Quality of life associated with treatment adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Despite certain contradictions, an association has been identified between adherence to drug treatment and the quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. The contradictions observed emphasize the importance of using different methods to measure treatment adherence, or the association of psychological precursors of adherence with quality of life. For this reason, we have used an indirect method to measure adherence (pill count), as well as two adherence behaviour precursors (attitude and knowledge), to assess the association between adherence and the quality of life in type 2 diabetes patients.