Links between single maltodextrin particles properties and powder functionality.

Maltodextrins are extensively used in the food industry to shape the physicochemical properties of food products. This multiscale study investigates three different Dextrose Equivalent (DE) maltodextrins as model matrices to elucidate the relationship between techno-functional behaviors and single particle surface properties. It was evidenced that environmental variations and glass transition influence single particle properties, significantly impacting the powder bulk behavior.

Are public meetings effective platforms for gathering environmental management preferences that most local stakeholders share?

This analysis tests the theory of the collective action problem by comparing data collected from public meetings with data collected through a random sample of households, to better understand how representative preferences expressed during public meetings are of local stakeholders within a defined social area of influence. While previous studies have focused on the lack of representative participation at public meetings, this work moves beyond the concepts of who comes to the table and why and instead, explores the way that a public engagement process, may or may not provide planners with a representative understanding of local stakeholder preferences. The findings suggest that even when starting with a comprehensive stakeholder analysis, creating space for facilitated dialogue, and carefully curating discussions to focus on shared preferences, public meetings - though highly valuable as a tool for engagement - may not be effective platforms for gathering a comprehensive understanding of the land management preferences that most local stakeholders share.

Electron Microscopy Imaging of Zinc Soaps Nucleation in Oil Paint.

Using the recently developed techniques of electron tomography, we have explored the first stages of disfiguring formation of zinc soaps in modern oil paintings. The formation of complexes of zinc ions with fatty acids in paint layers is a major threat to the stability and appearance of many late 19th and early 20th century oil paintings. Moreover, the occurrence of zinc soaps in oil paintings leading to defects is disturbingly common, but the chemical reactions and migration mechanisms leading to large zinc soap aggregates or zones remain poorly understood.

Integrated recovery management model for ex-offenders with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders and high rates of HIV risk behaviors.

This paper provides outcomes from an evaluation of a federally funded program combining HIV prevention services with an integrated mental health and substance abuse treatment program to a population of primarily African American ex-offenders living with, or at high risk for contracting HIV in Memphis, Tennessee. During the 5-year evaluation, data were collected from 426 individuals during baseline and 6-month follow-up interviews. A subset of participants (n = 341) completed both interviews.

Samples in applied psychology: over a decade of research in review.

This study examines sample characteristics of articles published in Journal of Applied Psychology (JAP) from 1995 to 2008. At the individual level, the overall median sample size over the period examined was approximately 173, which is generally adequate for detecting the average magnitude of effects of primary interest to researchers who publish in JAP. Samples using higher units of analyses (e.

Exogenous material in the inner ear of the adult Port Jackson shark, Heterodontus portusjacksoni (Elasmbranchii).

Previous studies have suggested that the inner ear of some benthic species of elasmobranchs contain only exogenous material within their otoconial organs, a unique feature within vertebrates. However, these examinations have not accounted for the possibility of otoconial degeneration or used modern experimental methods to identify the materials present. Both of these issues are addressed in this study using inner ear samples from the adult Port Jackson shark, Heterodontus portusjacksoni.

Identification of differentially expressed genes in the kidneys of growth hormone transgenic mice.

Objective: Bovine growth hormone (bGH) transgenic mice develop severe kidney damage. This damage may be due, at least in part, to changes in gene expression. Identification of genes with altered expression in the bGH kidney may identify mechanisms leading to damage in this system that may also be relevant to other models of kidney damage.

Preliminary outcomes of a model program for increasing treatment access for African American women who use crack cocaine and are at risk for contracting HIV.

In the United States, the threat of HIV/AIDS to African American women's health has become the focus of much concern. This paper describes a federally funded community-based program that provides services to African American women at risk for HIV/AIDS in Nashville, Tennessee. The program provides a culturally relevant set of interventions specific to crack cocaine users aimed at reducing substance use and HIV/AIDS risk behaviors.

Hardness in arthropod exoskeletons in the absence of transition metals.

The arthropod cuticle is a remarkable and versatile biological material commonly composed of chitin and proteins. Lessons can be learned from the way it is adapted to fit its functions. The larval jewel beetle, Pseudotaenia frenchi, demonstrates hardness in the cutting edge of the mandibles in excess of the mineralized carapace of stone crabs and compares favourably with some stainless steels.

Perceptions of sexual risks and injection for HIV among African American women who use crack cocaine in Nashville, Tennessee.

Significant health disparities in the rates of HIV infection primarily affect African American women. Although research has demonstrated that for some individuals HIV is connected to preventable high-risk behaviors related to substance use, a further examination of how these risks are perceived by the individuals involved in these activities is warranted. This study presents the results of 11 focus groups with 89 African American women who use crack cocaine in which respondents shared their perceptions of HIV risk behaviors.

Structure, composition and properties of naturally occurring non-calcified crustacean cuticle.

Crustaceans are known for their hard, calcified exoskeleton; however some regions appear different in colour and opacity. These include leg and cheliped tips in the grapsid crab, Metopograpsus frontalis. The chelipeds and leg tips contain only trace levels of calcium but a significant mass of the halogens, chlorine (Cl) and bromine (Br).

Unique zinc mass in mandibles separates drywood termites from other groups of termites.

Previously, the presence of metals in arthropod mandibles has been linked with harder cuticle, and in termites, a 20% increase in hardness has been found for mandibles containing major quantities of zinc. The current study utilises electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis to assess incidence and abundance of metals in all extant subfamilies of the Isoptera. The basal clades contain no zinc and little to no manganese in the cutting edge of the mandible cuticle, suggesting that these states are ancestral for termites.

Insect mandibles--comparative mechanical properties and links with metal incorporation.

A number of arthropod taxa contain metals in their mandibles (jaws), such as zinc, manganese, iron, and calcium. The occurrence of zinc and its co-located halogen chlorine have been studied in relation to the mechanical properties and shown to be linked in a direct fashion with increasing concentration. Hardness along with elastic modulus (stiffness) has also been linked to zinc and halogen concentration in some marine polychaete worms.

Mannose-binding lectin deficiency attenuates renal changes in a streptozotocin-induced model of type 1 diabetes in mice.

Aims/hypothesis: An increasing amount of evidence indicates that mannose-binding lectin (MBL) plays a role in the development of diabetic nephropathy. The main objective of the study was to analyse whether MBL influences the effects of diabetes on the kidneys.

Materials And Methods: In one group of wild-type mice and in one group of MBL double knockout mice we induced diabetes by the use of streptozotocin as a model of type 1 diabetes.

Renal effects of a neutralising RAGE-antibody in long-term streptozotocin-diabetic mice.

Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. The actions of AGEs are mediated both through a non-receptor mediated pathway and through specific receptors for AGEs (e.g.

Men at work.

To address rising healthcare demands, nurse managers must identify strategies to recruit and retain greater numbers of men in nursing.

Glomerular structural changes in pregnant, diabetic, and pregnant-diabetic rats.

Kidneys enlarge both during pregnancy and in diabetes. The enlargement and morphology of glomeruli was studied during pregnancy and in diabetes in order to examine possible similarities, differences, and interactions in the growth in these conditions. Morphometric investigations were performed on glomeruli in pregnant rats, in rats with 2 weeks' diabetes, and in pregnant-diabetic rats.

Modest maternal protein restriction fails to program adult hypertension in female rats.

Modest maternal dietary protein restriction in the rat leads to hypertension in adult male offspring. The purpose of this study was to determine whether female rats are resistant to developing the increased blood pressure seen in male rats after maternal protein restriction. Pregnant rats were fed a normal protein (19%, NP) or low-protein (8.

Pathophysiological role of vascular endothelial growth factor in the remnant kidney.

Background: Subtotal renal ablation is characterized by initial glomerular hypertrophy, followed by progressive development of glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is involved in glomerular hypertrophy and dysfunction in several pathophysiological conditions. On the other hand, progressive glomerulosclerosis and tubulo-interstitial fibrosis in the remnant kidney have been associated with loss of VEGF expression.

Kidney growth in normal and diabetic mice is not affected by human insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 administration.

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) accumulates in the kidney following the onset of diabetes, initiating diabetic renal hypertrophy. Increased renal IGF-I protein content, which is not reflected in messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, suggests that renal IGF-I accumulation is due to sequestration of circulating IGF-I rather than to local synthesis. It has been suggested that IGF-I is trapped in the kidney by IGF binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1).