Trust in scientists and their role in society across 68 countries.

Science is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision makers act on the basis of the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists.

Perceptions of science, science communication, and climate change attitudes in 68 countries - the TISP dataset.

Science is integral to society because it can inform individual, government, corporate, and civil society decision-making on issues such as public health, new technologies or climate change. Yet, public distrust and populist sentiment challenge the relationship between science and society. To help researchers analyse the science-society nexus across different geographical and cultural contexts, we undertook a cross-sectional population survey resulting in a dataset of 71,922 participants in 68 countries.

Lessons From 3 Longitudinal Sensor-Based Human Behavior Assessment Field Studies and an Approach to Support Stakeholder Management: Content Analysis.

Background: Pervasive technologies are used to investigate various phenomena outside the laboratory setting, providing valuable insights into real-world human behavior and interaction with the environment. However, conducting longitudinal field trials in natural settings remains challenging due to factors such as low recruitment success and high dropout rates due to participation burden or data quality issues with wireless sensing in changing environments.

Objective: This study gathers insights and lessons from 3 real-world longitudinal field studies assessing human behavior and derives factors that impacted their research success.

Campylobacter species, Salmonella serotypes and ribosomal RNA-based fecal source tracking in the Kokemäki River watershed.

Fecal contamination of surface water compromises the usability of surface water for drinking water production due to an increase in human health risks. In this study, we collected surface water samples for two years from the Kokemäki River (Finland). The downstream river stretch is used for feeding production of artificial ground water for a major drinking water treatment plant.

Arithmetic fluency and number processing skills in identifying students with mathematical learning disabilities.

Background: Students with mathematical learning disabilities (MLD) struggle with number processing skills (e.g., enumeration and number comparison) and arithmetic fluency.

Effects of physically active maths lessons on children's maths performance and maths-related affective factors: Multi-arm cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background: Physical activity (PA) may benefit academic performance, but it is unclear what kind of classroom-based PA is optimal for learning.

Aim: We studied the effects of physically active maths lessons on children's maths performance and maths-related effects, and whether gender and previous mathematical or motor skills modify these effects.

Sample: A total of 22 volunteered teachers and their pupils with signed consent (N = 397, mean age: 9.

Composition of active bacterial communities and presence of opportunistic pathogens in disinfected and non-disinfected drinking water distribution systems in Finland.

Many factors, including microbiome structure and activity in the drinking water distribution system (DWDS), affect the colonization potential of opportunistic pathogens. The present study aims to describe the dynamics of active bacterial communities in DWDS and identify the factors that shape the community structures and activity in the selected DWDSs. Large-volume drinking water and hot water, biofilm, and water meter deposit samples were collected from five DWDSs.

Defending Others Online: The Influence of Observing Formal and Informal Social Control on One's Willingness to Defend Cyberhate Victims.

This paper examines factors correlated with online self-help-an informal form of social control vis-à-vis intervention-upon witnessing a cyberhate attack. Using online surveys from 18- to 26-year-old respondents in the United States, we explore the roles of various types of online and offline formal and informal social control mechanisms on the enactment of self-help through the use of descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression. The results of the multivariate analyses indicate that online collective efficacy is positively related to self-help, as is having close ties to individuals and groups offline and online.

Exploring the Role of Federated Data Spaces in Implementing Twin Transition within Manufacturing Ecosystems.

Globally, manufacturing ecosystems are facing the challenge of twin transition, i.e., how to utilize digitalization for improving or transforming the sustainability of manufacturing operations.

An Integrated Fusion Engine for Early Threat Detection Demonstrated in Public-Space Trials.

Counter terrorism is a huge challenge for public spaces. Therefore, it is essential to support early detection of threats, such as weapons or explosives. An integrated fusion engine was developed for the management of a plurality of sensors to detect threats without disrupting the flow of commuters.

Subtypes of mathematical learning disability and their antecedents: A cognitive diagnostic approach.

Using cognitive diagnostic modeling (CDM), this study identified subtypes of mathematics learning disability (MLD) based on children's numerical skills and examined the language and spatial precursors of these subtypes. Participants were 99 MLD children and 420 low achievers identified from 1839 Finnish children (966 boys) who were followed from preschool (age 6) to fourth grade (2007-2011). Five subtypes were identified: the arithmetic fluency deficit only subtype, the counting deficit subtype, the pervasive deficit subtype, the symbolic deficit subtype, and the counting and concept deficit subtype.

Effects of temperature and light exposure on the decay characteristics of fecal indicators, norovirus, and Legionella in mesocosms simulating subarctic river water.

Knowledge of the decay characteristics of health-related microbes in surface waters is important for modeling the transportation of waterborne pathogens and for assessing their public health risks. Although water temperature and light exposure are major factors determining the decay characteristics of enteric microbes in surface waters, such effects have not been well studied in subarctic surface waters. This study comprehensively evaluated the effect of temperature and light on the decay characteristics of health-related microbes [Escherichia coli, enterococci, microbial source tracking markers (GenBac3 & HF183 assays), coliphages (F-specific and somatic), noroviruses GII and Legionella spp.

Factors Associated with Online Hate Acceptance: A Cross-National Six-Country Study among Young Adults.

The Internet, specifically social media, is among the most common settings where young people encounter hate speech. Understanding their attitudes toward the phenomenon is crucial for combatting it because acceptance of such content could contribute to furthering the spread of hate speech as well as ideology contamination. The present study, theoretically grounded in the General Aggression Model (GAM), investigates factors associated with online hate acceptance among young adults.

Cybercrime Victimization and Problematic Social Media Use: Findings from a Nationally Representative Panel Study.

According to criminological research, online environments create new possibilities for criminal activity and deviant behavior. Problematic social media use (PSMU) is a habitual pattern of excessive use of social media platforms. Past research has suggested that PSMU predicts risky online behavior and negative life outcomes, but the relationship between PSMU and cybercrime victimization is not properly understood.

How physical activity, fitness, and motor skills contribute to math performance: Working memory as a mediating factor.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine whether physical activity, fitness, and motor skills have an indirect association with math performance via cognitive outcomes and if so, through which aspects of cognition?

Methods: This study comprised 311 6th-9th grade adolescents (12-17 years [M age = 14.0 years], 59% girls) from seven schools throughout Finland in 2015. Math performance was measured via a teacher-rated math achievement and the Basic Arithmetic test.

Where does the money go to? Cost analysis of gynecological patients with a benign condition.

Objectives: The impact of benign gynecological conditions on life of women and on costs for the society is high. The purpose of this study is to gain knowledge and understanding of costs of the treatment of these disorders in order to be able to improve the clinical care processes, gain insight into feasible savings opportunities and to allocate funds wisely.

Methods: The healthcare processes of 311 women attending university or community hospitals in the Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District between June 2012 and August 2013 due to a benign gynecological condition were followed up for two years and treatment costs analysed.

The health-related quality of life of patients with a benign gynecological condition: a 2-year follow-up.

To assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with benign gynecological disorders. Prospective 2-year follow-up with the 15D HRQoL-instrument of 311 women treated in Helsinki-area hospitals in 2012-2013. The initially impaired HRQoL regarding excretion, discomfort and symptoms, and vitality and sexual activity improved after treatment.

Examining mediators of change in wellbeing, stress, and depression in a blended, Internet-based, ACT intervention for university students.

A coach-guided Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) intervention that uses a blended approach of two face-to-face and five online sessions (iACT;  = 33) has been found to be more effective than a waiting-list control condition (WLC;  = 35) at enhancing the wellbeing of university students while also reducing stress and depression. The present study explored possible mediators of change that may account for the outcomes of the study. Mediation analyses revealed that changes in the non-reactivity subscale of mindfulness mediated changes in wellbeing, depression, and stress in the iACT group.

The use of real-world effectiveness measurements in clinical settings at Helsinki University Hospital: a systematic literature review.

Patient reported outcomes collected alongside clinical trials do not reflect real-world effectiveness (RWE). This review assessed the use of RWE measurements in routine clinical treatment and the instruments applied to collect that data. The RWE articles published from HUS (Helsinki University Hospital) were extracted from several databases.

Health-related quality of life and costs of switching originator infliximab to biosimilar one in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

Effectiveness, efficacy and safety of biosimilar infliximab (CT-P13) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients has been shown in previous studies. Limited data exist on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of switching originator to biosimilar infliximab (IFX) in IBD patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate impact of switching originator to biosimilar IFX on HRQoL, disease activity, and health care costs in IBD maintenance treatment.

Long-Term Quality of Life of Melanoma Survivors Is Comparable to that of the General Population.

Background/aim: There is a growing need for information regarding the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of cancer survivors. This study aimed to assess the HRQoL of patients treated for cutaneous malignant melanoma between 1980 and 2004 in the Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital district and compare the results to the general population.

Materials And Methods: HRQoL of 981 cutaneous melanoma patients (aged 13 to 97 years, 56.

Treatment of gynecological malignancies: long-term follow-up of health-related quality of life and healthcare costs.

To assess long-term health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and treatment-related costs in gynecological cancer patients, and to compare HRQoL between cancer types and to age-standardized general female population. A prospective 8-10-year follow-up of 218 patients treated in Helsinki University Hospital in 2002-2004. The most common malignancies were uterine, ovarian and cervical cancers.

Cognitive-Linguistic and Constructivist Mnemonic Triggers in Teaching Based on Jerome Bruner's Thinking.

Effective teachers use mnemonic tools or mnemonic triggers to improve the students' retention of the study material. This article discusses mnemonic triggers from a theoretical viewpoint based on Jerome S. Bruner's writings.