Evaluation of antigen-based rapid detection test for the diagnosis of SARS CoV-2 in low-income countries.

Background: In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic and following the increasing number of suspicious Covid-19 cases in Madagascar, Malagasy laboratories are overflowed mainly due to lack of human resource and available material restriction. The development and validation of rapid and easy-to-perform diagnostic methods are worth of interest and high priority. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the performances of a rapid immunochromatographic test for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen, in comparison to Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Corynebacterium diphtheriae Infection in Mahajanga, Madagascar: First Case Report.

Diphtheria is an infection that has been unreported for more than two decades in Mahajanga. A child, aged 4, presented with a pseudomembranous pharyngitis was associated with a dysphagia. He was from a rural municipality of Ambato Boeny at Mahajanga province and was admitted to the Pediatric Unit of the University Hospital Center.

Prevalence of HIV-tuberculosis coinfection at the University Hospital of Tulear, Madagascar.

Screening for HIV is recommended for all TB patients but it has not yet been initiated in some regions of Madagascar. In this study, our main objective was to determine the seroprevalence of HIV infection in TB patients and secondarily to determine the risk factors favoring TB infection in these patients. This prospective cross-sectional study took place in the pneumology department of the University Hospital of Tulear from January to April, 2017.

Dermatophyte infection caused by : A rare case report from Madagascar.

We report a rare case of dermatophyte infection of the glabrous skin () caused by (formerly ). A 22-year-old Malagasy female who reported close contact reportedly with cats, presented a single round lesion with a peripheral, active, squamous and pruriginous inflammatory bead. Morphologic species identification was confirmed by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the genome.

[Seroprevalence of cysticercosis and associated risk factors in a group of patients examined at the Regional Referral Hospital in Antsirabe].

Introduction: In Madagascar, cysticercosis, a disease caused by Taenia Solium's larval form, is a public health problem. In 2003, the seroprevalence of cysticercosis ranged between 7% and 21% with a higher rate in the central regions of the island. However, epidemiological data on human cysticercosis have been limited over the last dozen years.

Description of 48 cases of multiple myeloma seen in the hematology laboratory of the CHU-Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona, Antananarivo, Madagascar.

Monoclonal gammopathies are common abnormalities and their incidence increases with age. They are detected in roughly 3 % of people older over 50 years and up to 7 % of those over 70 years. Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the proliferation of plasma cells within the bone marrow and excess secretion of monoclonal immunoglobulins.

Evaluation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in Malagasy pig and poultry non-industrial farmers.

Introduction: The laboratory of Training and Research in Medical Biology of Madagascar conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the rate of S. aureus nasal carriage of pig and poultry Malagasy farmers.

Methodology: Pig and poultry farmers from capital town of Madagascar were selected for nasal swabs collection with information on potential risk factors for S.

Profile and antimicrobial resistance to newly available drugs of urinary tract pathogens among Malagasy pregnant women.

Urinary tract infections are caused by growth of microorganisms anywhere in the urinary tract and pregnant women are particularly susceptible to it. Collection of baseline information regarding urinary tract bacterial profile and their antimicrobial susceptibility in pregnant women are important for treatment purposes. In order to determine the distribution of community-acquired urinary tract pathogens and estimate their susceptibility patterns to antimicrobial agents currently available in Antananarivo (Madagascar), we conducted a cross sectional preliminary survey (four months) on bacteria isolated from urine of pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic, Ambohimiandra Hospital Center.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Formation and Persistence, along with the Production of Quorum Sensing-Dependent Virulence Factors, Are Disrupted by a Triterpenoid Coumarate Ester Isolated from Dalbergia trichocarpa, a Tropical Legume.

Recently, extracts of Dalbergia trichocarpa bark have been shown to disrupt P. aeruginosa PAO1 quorum sensing (QS) mechanisms, which are key regulators of virulence factor expression and implicated in biofilm formation. One of the active compounds has been isolated and identified as oleanolic aldehyde coumarate (OALC), a novel bioactive compound that inhibits the formation of P.

Changing profile and increasing antimicrobial resistance of uropathogenic bacteria in Madagascar.

Objectives: We wanted to update the distribution of community-acquired uropathogens and to estimate their susceptibility profile to newly available antibiotics in Antananarivo (Madagascar).

Materials And Methods: We conducted a 3-year preliminary study (2011-2013) on bacteria isolated from the urine of patients at the Laboratory of Training and Research in Medical Biology (Antananarivo).

Results: Three hundred and fifty-seven pathogens were isolated: 234 (65.

Trichomonas vaginalis among women raped in Antananarivo, 2005-2011.

Rape is a forensic emergency due to the possibility of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS. Moreover, an upsurge is currently underway. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of Trichomonas vaginalis in women undergoing tests at the Microbiology Unit of the Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona Antananarivo Hospital after being raped.

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus serologic markers in pregnant patients in Antananarivo, Madagascar.

Background And Objectives: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem in Madagascar. Its severity is related to the risk of chronicity, especially in case of neonatal contamination. Our objectives were to investigate the prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant patients at the Befelatanana obstetrics and gynecology teaching hospital department (BOGTH) by detecting HBsAg and to evaluate the risk of HBV mother to child transmission by screening for HBeAg.

Current practice about the evaluation of antibody to streptolysin O (ASO) levels by physicians working in Antananarivo, Madagascar.

Introduction: The diagnosis of post streptococcal diseases is usually confirmed by immunological tests. Only the antistreptolysin O is usually prescribed by physician. This study aimed to describe the current practice of these requests in Antananarivo.

Evaluation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in Malagasy patients.

Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important cause of infections. It is well recognized that nasal carriage of S. aureus represents a potent and increasingly prevalent risk factor for subsequent S.

Endemic malagasy Dalbergia species inhibit quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1.

Various species of the plant genus Dalbergia are traditionally used as medicine for sundry ailments and some of them have been shown recently to quench the virulence of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Cell-to-cell communication mechanisms, quorum sensing (QS) in particular, are key regulators of virulence in many pathogenic bacteria. Screening n-hexane extracts of leaves, roots and bark of endemic Malagasy Dalbergia species for their capacity to antagonize QS mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 showed that many reduced the expression of the QS-regulated genes lasB and rhlA.

Phenotypic and allelic profile of ABO and Rhésus D blood group system among blood donor in Antananarivo.

This study assessed the phenotypic and allelic profiles of ABO and Rhesus D blood group system among first time blood donors at the National Centre of Blood Supply of Antananarivo. We collected through this retrospective study all data registered during 7 years of practice (from 2003 to 2009). Age and sex were analysed with the result of ABO and RhD screening.

Prevalence and trends of hepatitis C virus among blood donors in Antananarivo, from 2003 to 2009.

Purpose Of The Study: Due to anemia and maternal, childhood and infancy diseases, blood transfusion is one of the most important medical cares given in sub-Saharan Africa, including Madagascar. World Health Organization encourages worldwide countries to maximize transfusion security. Until now, there was no data within a large population of blood donors.

[Simplified preparation of test-red blood cells for ABO blood grouping in a laboratory in Madagascar].

Introduction: To ensure self-sufficiency and lower costs associated with reagent red blood cells, some medical laboratories produce their own test-red blood cells for plasma ABO blood grouping. However, given the vital importance of blood goup testing, it is essential to verify the reliability of these cells. The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of laboratory-made ABO test-red blood cells.

Prevalence of and risk factors for sexually-transmitted infections in hidden female sex workers.

Objectives: We wanted to determine the age-specific prevalence of selected sexually transmitted infections while assessing the risk factors among hidden female sex workers (HFSW).

Methods: One hundred HFSW over 15 years of age were recruited in an impoverished area of Antananarivo, Madagascar. After oral informed consent, blood and endocervical swabs were tested for specific antigens, antibodies, and pathogens using molecular, serologic, and microscopic examinations.

Sexual behaviour and condom use among university students in Madagascar.

Although the number of known HIV-infected students in Madagascar increased significantly between 1989 and 1995, very little is known about student behaviour with regard to AIDS. The study objectives were: to describe Malagasy students' sexual behaviour and condom use; to document students' perceptions about condoms; and to study the relationships between students' socio-demographic characteristics, their perceptions about condoms, and their condom use. The survey used a cross-sectional design and was conducted at the Antananarivo's university campus sites.