Valorisation of salmon backbones: Extraction of gelatine and its applicability in biodegradable films.

Salmon backbones make up about 10 % of the total fish weight and contain valuable proteins, collagen and lipids that can be used for marine ingredients production. Gelatine is derived from the collagen fraction and this study evaluated how different fractionation and extraction procedures can affect the yield and composition of extracted gelatine. Fractionation by mild thermal treatment of backbones (10 min in 40-42 °C) leads to structural changes of muscle, which improves separation of meat from bones and gives better yield of de-muscled backbone fractionation compared to mechanical meat removal.

Valorization of Saithe () Residuals into Protein Hydrolysates-Silaging as Preservation Technology.

Silaging can be used as preservation technology to valorize currently discarded raw material into protein hydrolysate on board deep-sea vessels. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sorting and raw material freshness on the quality and yield of protein hydrolysates obtained through silaging of saithe () viscera. Additionally, the effect of using acid-containing antioxidants was tested.

Valorization of fish processing by-products for protein hydrolysate recovery: Opportunities, challenges and regulatory issues.

Protein-rich fish processing by-products, often called rest raw materials (RRM), account for approximately 60% of the total fish biomass. However, a considerable amount of these RRM is utilized for low-value products such as fish meal and silage. A promising and valuable approach for maximizing the utilization of RRM involves the extraction of bioactive fish protein hydrolysate (FPH).

Exploring the Potential of Atlantic Mesopelagic Species Processed on Board Commercial Fishing Vessels as a Source of Dietary Lipids.

This study investigates the use of untapped mesopelagic species as a source of long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs) to meet the growing demand. The challenges faced by commercial fishing vessels, such as varying catch rates and species distribution affecting lipid levels, are addressed. Marine oils were produced post-catch using thermal separation and enzymatic hydrolysis during four commercial cruises, screening approximately 20,000 kg of mixed mesopelagic species.

Optimization of single-step gelatin extraction from pink perch (Nemipterus japonicus) skin and bone obtained from surimi industry using a green solvent.

Surimi industry produces a large quantity of byproducts that are currently being utilized to produce low-value commodities. This study aims to extract gelatin from pink perch skin and bone obtained from the surimi industry using a green single-step extraction method. In addition to using a green solvent, that is, acetic acid, the new method combines the multiple steps of pre-treatment and hydrolysis into one single-step extraction process.

Silage for upcycling oil from saithe () viscera - Effect of raw material freshness on the oil quality.

The main objective of this study was to investigate how the freshness of saithe () viscera affected the quality, composition and yield of oil obtained by silaging. Minced viscera with and without liver were stored separately for up to 3 days at 4 °C before silaging at pH 3.8 for 6 days at 10 °C.

Effect of Pink Perch Gelatin on Physiochemical, Textural, Sensory, and Storage Characteristics of Ready-to-Cook Low-Fat Chicken Meatballs.

In recent years consumer demand for low-fat convenience food is increasing rapidly. This study was designed to develop low-fat ready-to-cook (RTC) chicken meatballs using pink perch gelatin. Meatballs were prepared using different concentrations of fish gelatin (3%, 4%, 5%, and 6%).

Optimization of a Calcium-Based Treatment Method for Jellyfish to Design Food for the Future.

Edible jellyfish are a traditional Southeast Asian food, usually prepared as a rehydrated product using a salt and alum mixture, whereas they are uncommon in Western Countries and considered as a novel food in Europe. Here, a recently developed, new approach for jellyfish processing and stabilization with calcium salt brining was upgraded by modifying the pre-treatment step of freshly caught jellyfish and successfully applied to several edible species. Treated jellyfish obtained by the application of the optimized version of this method respected both quality and safety parameters set by EU law, including no pathogenic microorganisms, absence or negligible levels of histamine and of total volatile basic nitrogen, no heavy metals; and the total bacterial, yeast, and mold counts were either negligible or undetectable.

Biochemical Characterization of (Forsskål, 1775), Another Red Sea Jellyfish in the Western Mediterranean Sea.

Increasing frequency of native jellyfish proliferations and massive appearance of non-indigenous jellyfish species recently concur to impact Mediterranean coastal ecosystems and human activities at sea. Nonetheless, jellyfish biomass may represent an exploitable novel resource to coastal communities, with reference to its potential use in the pharmaceutical, nutritional, and nutraceutical Blue Growth sectors. The zooxanthellate jellyfish , Forsskål, 1775 (Cnidaria, Rhizostomeae) entered the Levant Sea through the Suez Canal and spread towards the Western Mediterranean to reach Malta, Tunisia, and recently also the Italian coasts.

Sustainable resource production for manufacturing bioactives from micro- and macroalgae: Examples from harvesting and cultivation in the Nordic region.

Micro- and macroalgae are a great and important source of raw material for manufacturing of bioactives and ingredients for food, feed, cosmetics, or pharmaceuticals. Macroalgae (or seaweeds) have been harvested locally from wild stocks in smaller volumes for a long time, and a production chain based on cultivated seaweed for the harvest of considerably larger amounts is in progress for several species. Microalgae and cyanobacteria such as Spirulina have been produced in "backyard ponds" for use in food and feed also for a long time, and now we see the establishment of large production plants to control the cultivation process and increase the production yields.

Energetic and Economic Evaluation of Zero-Waste Fish Co-Stream Processing.

This study evaluates the possibility of recovery of high-quality valuable fish oil and proteins from fish co-streams by traditional means or a combination of several technologies. A techno-economically feasible and sustainable zero-waste process is needed for full utilisation of this co-stream's potential. This study aims to determine the energy efficiency and economic feasibility of four different zero-waste bio-refineries based on salmon filleting co-streams.

A chicken protein hydrolysate exerts anti-atherosclerotic effect beyond plasma cholesterol-lowering activity in Apoe mice.

Chicken protein hydrolysates (CPHs) generated from rest raw materials through enzymatic hydrolysis using Corolase PP or Alcalase were shown to reduce inflammation and stimulate hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in high-fat-fed mice. This study investigates the effect of CPH diets in atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe) mice. Apoe mice were divided into three groups of 12 animals and fed high-fat diets with casein (control), Alcalase CPH, or Corolase PP CPH.

Utilization of egg-laying hens (Gallus Gallus domesticus) for production of ingredients for human consumption and animal feed.

Background: In Norway, 3 million discarded egg-laying hens are destructed annually, which equals 1500 tons pure hen meat. Due to the slaughter methods used, this raw material is handled as a high-risk waste, while in reality it constitutes a source of valuable components like proteins and lipids.

Methods: This study assess different processing methods (thermal treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and silaging) for utilization of discarded egg-laying hens for the production of ingredients for human consumption and animal feed.

Effects of low doses of fish and milk proteins on glucose regulation and markers of insulin sensitivity in overweight adults: a randomised, double blind study.

Purpose: To examine whether supplementation with low doses of fish or milk proteins would affect glucose regulation and circulating lipid concentrations in overweight healthy adults.

Methods: Ninety-three overweight adults were assigned to receive 2.5 g protein/day from herring (HER), salmon (SAL), cod (COD) or milk (CAS, a casein-whey mixture as positive control) as tablets for 8 weeks.

Chicken Protein Hydrolysates Have Anti-Inflammatory Effects on High-Fat Diet Induced Obesity in Mice.

: Studies have shown that dietary source of protein and peptides can affect energy metabolism and influence obesity-associated diseases. This study aimed to investigate the impact of different chicken protein hydrolysates (CPHs) generated from chicken rest raw materials in a mouse obesity model. : Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet with casein or CPHs generated using Papain + Bromelain, Alcalase, Corolase PP, or Protamex for 12 weeks ( = 12).

Hydrolyzed proteins from herring and salmon rest raw material contain peptide motifs with angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitors and resulted in lower urine concentrations of protein, cystatin C and glucose when fed to obese Zucker fa/fa rats.

The use of angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors is a common strategy for treating kidney disease. Several amino acid sequences with ACE inhibiting activity are identified in filet and rest raw material from various species of fish, and fish protein hydrolysates could be of interest for possible treatment or prevention of kidney disease. Therefore, we hypothesized that protein hydrolysates from rest raw material from herring and salmon contained ACE inhibiting motifs, and could beneficially affect typical markers for kidney function in an obesity rat model prone to developing renal failure.

Bioactivities of fish protein hydrolysates from defatted salmon backbones.

Bioactivities of bulk fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) from defatted salmon backbones obtained with eight different commercial enzymes and their combinations were tested. All FPH showed antioxidative activity . DPPH scavenging activity increased, while iron chelating ability decreased with increasing time of hydrolysis.

Dietary fish protein hydrolysates containing bioactive motifs affect serum and adipose tissue fatty acid compositions, serum lipids, postprandial glucose regulation and growth in obese Zucker fa/fa rats.

The world's fisheries and aquaculture industries produce vast amounts of protein-containing by-products that can be enzymatically hydrolysed to smaller peptides and possibly be used as additives to functional foods and nutraceuticals targeted for patients with obesity-related metabolic disorders. To investigate the effects of fish protein hydrolysates on markers of metabolic disorders, obese Zucker fa/fa rats consumed diets with 75 % of protein from casein/whey (CAS) and 25 % from herring (HER) or salmon (SAL) protein hydrolysate from rest raw material, or 100 % protein from CAS for 4 weeks. The fatty acid compositions were similar in the experimental diets, and none of them contained any long-chain n-3 PUFA.

Quality changes of salmon by-products during storage: Assessment and quantification by NMR.

Safe utilization of fish by-products is an important task due to increasing fish consumption. It can provide new valuable food/feed and will increase the economical profit and sustainability of the fishery industry. NMR spectroscopy is a reliable tool able to monitor qualitative and quantitative changes in by-products.