Advancements in Porous Silicon Biosensors for Point of Care, Wearable, and Implantable Applications.

Biosensors play a critical role in modern diagnostics, offering high sensitivity and specificity for detecting various relevant clinical analytes as well as real-time monitoring and integrability in point-of-care (POC) platforms and wearable/implantable devices. Among the numerous materials used as biosensing substrates, porous silicon (pSi) has garnered significant attention due to its tunable properties, ease of fabrication, large surface area, and versatile surface chemistry. These attributes make pSi an ideal platform for transducer development, particularly in the fabrication of optical and electrochemical biosensors.

3D Polymeric Lattice Microstructure-Based Microneedle Array for Transdermal Electrochemical Biosensing.

Microneedles (MNs) or microneedle arrays (MNAs) are critical components of minimally invasive devices comprised of a single or a series of micro-scale projections. MNs can bypass the outermost layer of the skin and painlessly access microcirculation of the epidermis and dermis layers, attracting great interest in the development of personalized healthcare monitoring and diagnostic devices. However, MN technology has not yet reached its full potential since current micro- and nanofabrication methods do not address the need of fabricating MNs with complex surfaces to facilitate the development of clinically adequate devices.

Comparing nanobody and aptamer-based capacitive sensing for detection of interleukin-6 (IL-6) at physiologically relevant levels.

A major societal challenge is the development of the necessary tools for early diagnosis of diseases such as cancer and sepsis. Consequently, there is a concerted push to develop low-cost and non-invasive methods of analysis with high sensitivity and selectivity. A notable trend is the development of highly sensitive methods that are not only amenable for point-of-care (POC) testing, but also for wearable devices allowing continuous monitoring of biomarkers.

Thioaromatic DNA monolayers for target-amplification-free electrochemical sensing of environmental pathogenic bacteria.

Genosensing technology has mostly based on mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of thiol-modified oligonucleotides and alkanethiols on gold surfaces. However, the typical backfilling approach, which incorporates the alkanethiol in a second step, gives rise to a heterogeneous distribution of oligonucleotide probes on the surface, negatively affecting to both hybridization efficiency and surface stability. Despite aromatic thiols present a remarkably different behavior from alkanethiols, with higher rigidity and stronger intermolecular interactions, they have been scarcely explored for the fabrication of DNA sensing platforms.