Immunohistochemical assessment of symptomatic postmenopausal endometrial polyps in tamoxifen users and nonusers: a case control study.

Background: Endometrial polyps are common in postmenopausal women, and the effect of tamoxifen use (a risk factor for endometrial polyps) on their pathogenesis is unclear.

Objectives: To evaluate the expression of hormone receptors and markers for proliferation/apoptosis (Ki-67 and Bcl-2) in endometrial polyps in postmenopausal users and nonusers of tamoxifen.

Design And Setting: Cross-sectional analytical study in a tertiary-level academic hospital.

Isthmocele: an overview of diagnosis and treatment.

An isthmocele, a cesarean scar defect or uterine niche, is any indentation representing myometrial discontinuity or a triangular anechoic defect in the anterior uterine wall, with the base communicating to the uterine cavity, at the site of a previous cesarean section scar. It can be classified as a small or large defect, depending on the wall thickness of the myometrial deficiency. Although usually asymptomatic, its primary symptom is abnormal or postmenstrual bleeding, and chronic pelvic pain may also occur.

Association between low bone mass and calcium and caffeine intake among perimenopausal women in Southern Brazil: cross-sectional study.

Context And Objective: Osteoporosis is a skeletal abnormality characterized by reduction and alteration of bone microarchitecture that results in increased fragility and greater predisposition to fractures. Age and low bone mass are the main non-modifiable risk factors for osteoporotic fractures. The modifiable factors include sedentary lifestyle, inadequate calcium intake, excessive alcohol and/or caffeine consumption, smoking and low body weight.

[Chromosomal abnormalities in couples with history of recurrent abortion].

Purpose: To asses the prevalence and clinical characteristics of couples with history of recurrent spontaneous abortion and chromosome abnormality, attended at the present service.

Methods: All the couples referred to our service due to history of recurrent spontaneous abortion, from January 1975 to June 2008, were evaluated. Only the ones whose chromosome karyotype analysis by GTG bands has been successfully made were included in the study.

[Primary amenorrhea and XY karyotype: identifying patients in risk].

Purpose: to verify the prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with primary amenorrhea and XY karyotype, evaluated in our Service, aiming at identifying findings which could help their recognition.

Methods: from January 1975 to November 2007, 104 patients with amenorrhea were evaluated. All the cases were analyzed by the karyotype by GTG bands.

[Amenorrhea and X chromosome abnormalities].

Purpose: to correlate the clinical manifestations of patients with amenorrhea and X chromosome abnormalities.

Methods: a retrospective analysis of the clinical and laboratorial findings of patients with amenorrhea and abnormalities of X chromosome, attended between January 1975 and November 2007 was performed. Their anthropometric measures were evaluated through standard growth tables, and, when present, minor and major anomalies were noted.