Parthanatos type programmed cell death and septic patient mortality.

Objective: Parthanatos is a form of programmed cell death mediated by apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). However, there are not data on parthanatos in septic patients. The objective of the current study was to explore whether parthanatos is associated with mortality of septic patients.

Serum Fas levels during first week of sepsis are associated with severity and mortality.

Introduction: The aim of our study was to explore whether there is an association of serum sFas (cell death apoptosis receptor) concentrations during the first week of sepsis with sepsis severity and sepsis mortality.

Methods: In this observational study, septic patients were recruited. Serum sFas concentrations were determined on days 1, 4, and 8 of sepsis diagnosis.

Association between blood caspase-9 concentrations and septic patient prognosis.

Background: There are few data on caspase‑9 (intrinsic apoptosis pathway initiating caspase) in septic patients. Higher serum caspase‑9 levels in septic patients than in healthy subjects have been found. However, there are no data on the prognosis of septic patients and blood caspase‑9 concentrations.

Association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the first seven days of sepsis and mortality.

Introduction: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the diagnosis of sepsis has been found to be higher in non-survivors than in survivors, and that is associated with mortality. A higher NLR in non-survivors than in survivors has been reported in two studies during patient follow-up; however, NLR was not controlled for sepsis severity. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine whether there is an association between NLR in the first seven days and mortality controlling for sepsis severity.

High mortality rate of septic patients with high blood granzyme B concentrations.

Granzyme B could be released from cytotoxic T lymphocytes producing apoptosis activation. The objective of our study was to determine whether an association between septic patient mortality and blood granzyme B concentrations exist. We recruited septic patients admitted in 3 Intensive Care Units.

Blood Bcl-2 levels to predict the mortality of septic patients.

To determine whether blood concentrations of Bcl-2 during the 1st week of sepsis could help predict mortality. Serum Bcl-2 concentrations were determined at the 1st, 4th and 8th days of sepsis diagnosis. Thirty-day surviving patients (n = 168) showed higher serum Bcl-2 levels at the 1st (p = 0.

Mortality prediction of septic patients by blood caspase-8 levels.

We have not found data about blood caspase-8 concentrations (initiator caspase in the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis) during follow-up of sepsis and this was the objective of our study. We included septic patients. Serum caspase-8 concentrations were determined at days 1, 4, and 8 of sepsis diagnosis.

Association of serum soluble Fas concentrations and mortality of septic patients.

Introduction: Scarce data on Fas, one of the main receptors that activates the apoptosis extrinsic pathway, in septic patients exists. Higher blood soluble Fas (sFas) concentrations in non-survivor septic patients compared with survivors have been found in small studies; however, the association of blood sFas concentrations with mortality controlling for sepsis severity has not been stablished due to this small sample size in those studies. Thus, our main objective study was to determine whether an association between blood sFas concentrations and sepsis mortality controlling for sepsis severity exists.

Circulating Bcl-2 concentrations and septic patient mortality.

Introduction: There are not data on blood B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) concentrations (one of the antiapoptotic molecules of the Bcl-2 family in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway) in septic patients. Therefore, this study was carried with the aims to explore whether blood Bcl-2 concentrations at diagnosis of sepsis are different in survivor and non-survivor septic patients, are associated with mortality, and are useful for the mortality prediction.

Methods: Intensive Care Units from 3 Spanish hospitals participated in this observational and prospective study with septic patients and serum Bcl-2 concentrations at diagnosis of sepsis were determined.

Association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the first seven days of sepsis and mortality.

Introduction: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the diagnosis of sepsis has been found to be higher in non-survivors than in survivors, and that is associated with mortality. A higher NLR in non-survivors than in survivors has been reported in two studies during patient follow-up; however, NLR was not controlled for sepsis severity. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine whether there is an association between NLR in the first seven days and mortality controlling for sepsis severity.

Association between red blood cell distribution width and mortality of COVID-19 patients.

Purpose: We have previously reported an association between high red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and mortality in septic and brain infarction patients. However, no association between RDW and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients has been reported so far; thus, the objective of this study was to determine if that association exists.

Methods: Prospective and observational study carried out in 8 Intensive Care Units from 6 hospitals of Canary Islands (Spain) including COVID-19 patients.

Association of serum soluble Fas concentrations and mortality of septic patients.

Introduction: Scarce data on Fas, one of the main receptors that activates the apoptosis extrinsic pathway, in septic patients exists. Higher blood soluble Fas (sFas) concentrations in non-survivor septic patients compared with survivors have been found in small studies; however, the association of blood sFas concentrations with mortality controlling for sepsis severity has not been stablished due to this small sample size in those studies. Thus, our main objective study was to determine whether an association between blood sFas concentrations and sepsis mortality controlling for sepsis severity exists.

Association between serum sFasL concentrations and sepsis mortality.

Background: There are scarce data on soluble Fas Ligand (sFasL), one of the main ligands that activate the apoptosis extrinsic pathway, in septic patients. In a small study of septic children were found higher plasma sFasL levels in non-survivors compared with survivors; however, an association between blood sFasL levels and mortality controlling for sepsis severity was not stablished due to the small sample size of the study. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine whether there is an association between blood sFasL concentrations and mortality in septic patients controlling for sepsis severity.

Association between DNA and RNA oxidative damage and mortality in septic patients.

Purpose: DNA and RNA oxidative damage occurs during sepsis. Higher urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels (from oxidation of guanosine from DNA) have been found in non-surviving patients than in surviving septic patients. However, the relation between DNA and RNA oxidative damage and mortality in septic patients has never been published; thus, the objective of this study was to determine the existence of this association.

Serum total antioxidant capacity during the first week of sepsis and mortality.

Purpose: Higher circulating total antioxidant capacity (TAC) concentrations have been found in non-survivor than in survivor septic patients at moment of sepsis diagnosis. The objectives of this study were to determine whether serum TAC levels during the first week of sepsis are associated with lipid peroxidation, sepsis severity, and sepsis mortality, and whether could be used as a prognostic biomarker.

Methods: This prospective and observational study with 319 septic patients admitted to Intensive Care Units was carried out in 8 Spanish hospitals.

Serum melatonin levels during the first seven days of severe sepsis diagnosis are associated with sepsis severity and mortality.

Objective: Higher serum melatonin levels have previously been found in patients with severe sepsis who died within 30 days of diagnosis than in survivors. The objective of our study were to determine whether serum melatonin levels during the first seven days of severe sepsis diagnosis could be associated with sepsis severity and mortality.

Methods: Multicentre study in eight Spanish Intensive Care Units which enrolled 308 patients with severe sepsis.

Higher serum caspase-cleaved cytokeratin-18 levels during the first week of sepsis diagnosis in non-survivor patients.

Background: Caspase-cleaved cytokeratin (CCCK)-18 is a protein released into the blood during apoptosis. Higher circulating CCCK-18 concentrations have been found in non-survivor than in survivor septic patients at moment of sepsis diagnosis. The following questions arise now: (1) How are serum CCCK-18 levels during the first week of sepsis? (2) Is there an association between sepsis severity and mortality and serum CCCK-18 levels during the first week? The aims of this study were to answer these questions.