A retrospective study of treosulfan versus busulfan-based conditioning in pediatric patients.

Objectives: To compare the outcomes of treosulfan-based vs busulfan-based conditioning regimens in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in pediatric patients.

Methods: Retrospective study of all consecutive patients (2012-2019) treated with allogenic HSCT and treosulfan- or busulfan-based conditioning regimens at a single center.

Results: A total of 101 HSCT were included: 66 HSCT with busulfan and 35 with treosulfan.

The role of early natural killer cell adoptive infusion before engraftment in protecting against human herpesvirus-6B encephalitis after naïve T-cell-depleted allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

Background: Naïve T-cell-depleted grafts have been employed as an ex vivo T-cell depletion (TCD) platform to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and improve immune reconstitution by providing rapid donor memory T-cell reconstitution after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). CD45RA memory T cells confer protection against viruses such as cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and adenovirus; however, reports have shown an unexpectedly high incidence of human herpesvirus (HHV)-6B encephalitis among pediatric allo-HSCT patients.

Methods: We report the first 18 consecutive allo-HSCT, 16 haplo-HSCT, and two human leukocyte antigen-matched related donors implanted with naïve TCD grafts.

Diagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis: the role of fine-needle aspiration.

Nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis often presents a diagnostic challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the role of fine-needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis in children. We conducted a retrospective review of fine-needle aspiration cytology performed in patients < 17 year-old with subacute lymphadenitis from 2003 to 2016 in a tertiary hospital in Spain.