CSCE-cadherin immunohistochemistry panel predicts poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Identifying marker combinations for robust prognostic validation in primary tumour compartments remains challenging. We aimed to assess the prognostic significance of CSC markers (ALDH1, CD44, p75NTR, BMI-1) and E-cadherin biomarkers in OSCC. We analysed 94 primary OSCC and 67 metastatic lymph node samples, including central and invasive tumour fronts (ITF), along with clinicopathological data.

Ultrasonography in the Assessment of Tumors of the Cheek: Water Mouth Distension Technique.

Purpose: To describe a new B-mode ultrasound examination technique to assess cheek tumors.

Materials And Methods: 30 cheek oral cavity lesions of different histological types (11 benign and 19 malignant) from 23 patients (11 women and 12 men, 7-82 years old, mean age of 49.5 years) were analyzed.

Extracellular vesicles cargo from head and neck cancer cell lines disrupt dendritic cells function and match plasma microRNAs.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of the immune system response. Encapsulated in EVs, microRNAs can be transferred between cancer and immune cells. To define the potential effects of EVs originated from squamous cell carcinoma cells on immune system response, we performed microRNA profiling of EVs released from two distinct cell lines and treated dendritic cells derived from circulating monocytes (mono-DCs) with these EVs.

PAI-1 expression in intratumoral inflammatory infiltrate contributes to lymph node metastasis in oral cancer: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Immune cells contribute with mediators in the protein expression profile of the tumor microenvironment. Levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) are elevated in non-malignant inflammatory conditions; however, the association between PAI-1 expression and inflammation remains uncertain in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aimed to investigate PAI-1 expression in mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate in OSCC and its role as a prognostic marker.

Implication of the New AJCC pT Classification of SCC of the Lip Comparing With Other Oral Subsites.

Objective: To determine the implication of the new AJCC staging system for pT classification in a cohort of patients with SCC of the lip mucosa and compare it to other oral cavity sites.

Methods: Retrospective cohort of 744 patients treated between 2002 and 2017, by the Head and Neck Surgery Department of the University of Sao Paulo.

Results: Of 95 lip patients, 42 had pT upstage (58.

MicroRNA-mediated extracellular matrix remodeling in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.

Background: We evaluated microRNAs and extracellular matrix component profiles in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (OSCC) in comparison to healthy mucosa.

Methods: Retrospective study investigating 64 microRNAs related to oncogenic process and to constituents of the extracellular matrix. We also performed immunohistochemical assays for molecules involved in the same biological processes.

Alcohol drinking and head and neck cancer risk: the joint effect of intensity and duration.

Background: Alcohol is a well-established risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC). This study aims to explore the effect of alcohol intensity and duration, as joint continuous exposures, on HNC risk.

Methods: Data from 26 case-control studies in the INHANCE Consortium were used, including never and current drinkers who drunk ≤10 drinks/day for ≤54 years (24234 controls, 4085 oral cavity, 3359 oropharyngeal, 983 hypopharyngeal and 3340 laryngeal cancers).

Cancer-associated fibroblast regulation by microRNAs promotes invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the role of microRNA-mediated remodeling of the extracellular matrix in the process of tumor invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma and to evaluate its relationship with the prognosis of these patients. This was a retrospective study on material from the paraffin blocks of patients operated on for oral squamous cell carcinoma, in addition to a group of healthy oral mucosa samples of paired patients. miR-1-3p, miR-133-3p, and miR-21-5p were differentially expressed between the superficial and deep tumor groups.

Morphometry and Frequency of the Pyramidalis Muscle in Adult Humans: A Pyramidalis Muscle's Anatomical Analysis.

Objectives: To verify the pyramidalis muscle's frequency (bilaterality, unilaterality, or absence) and morphometry (length of the medial border and width of its origin/base) in a sample of the Brazilian population and the anthropometric influence.

Methods: Dissection of 30 cadavers, up to 24h post-mortem.

Results: The pyramidalis muscle was present bilaterally and unilaterally in 83.

GLI3 knockdown decreases stemness, cell proliferation and invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an extremely aggressive disease associated with a poor prognosis. Previous studies have established that cancer stem cells (CSCs) actively participate in OSCC development, progression and resistance to conventional treatments. Furthermore, CSCs frequently exhibit a deregulated expression of normal stem cell signalling pathways, thereby acquiring their distinctive abilities, of which self-renewal is an example.

CD44 and ALDH1 immunoexpression as prognostic indicators of invasion and metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Tumour metastasis has been associated with cancer stem cells, a small population with stem-like cells properties, higher rate of migration and metastatic potential compared to cells from the tumour bulk. Our aim was to evaluate the immunoexpression of the putative cancer stem cell biomarkers ALDH1 and CD44 in primary tumour and corresponding metastatic lymph nodes.

Methods: Tumour tissue specimens (n = 50) and corresponding metastatic lymph nodes (n = 25) were surgically obtained from 50 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and submitted to immunohistochemistry.

Tumour stage and gender predict recurrence and second primary malignancies in head and neck cancer: a multicentre study within the INHANCE consortium.

Recurrence and second primary cancer (SPC) continue to represent major obstacles to long-term survival in head and neck cancer (HNC). Our aim was to evaluate whether established demographics, lifestyle-related risk factors for HNC and clinical data are associated with recurrence and SPC in HNC. We conducted a multicentre study by using data from five studies members of the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology consortium-Milan, Rome, Western Europe, Sao Paulo, and Japan, totalling 4005 HNC cases with a median age of 59 (interquartile range 52-67).

PAI-1, CAIX, and VEGFA expressions as prognosis markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the HIF-1 complex promotes the expression of genes involved in specific mechanisms of cell survival under hypoxic conditions, such as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), carbonic anhydrase 9 (CAIX), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). The study aimed to investigate the presence and prognostic value of PAI-1, CAIX, and VEGFA in OSCC.

Materials And Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expressions of these proteins in 52 tumoral tissue samples of patients with OSCC, surgically treated and followed by a minimum of 24 months after surgery.

Prognostic implications of CD44, NANOG, OCT4, and BMI1 expression in tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) contains a cell subpopulation referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are responsible for tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The CSC markers have been used to isolate these cells and as biomarkers to predict overall survival.

Methods: The CSC markers CD44, NANOG, OCT4, and BMI1 were investigated using reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopathological parameters.

Tumor volume as an independent predictive factor of worse survival in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of tumor volume in the prognosis of patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Methods: One hundred twenty-three patients with T4a oral cavity SCCs underwent surgical treatment. The volumes of the primary cancer were calculated by the multiplication of 3 macroscopic dimensions of the surgical specimen and related to recurrence and death.

Geographic heterogeneity in the prevalence of human papillomavirus in head and neck cancer.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), although strongly divergent results have been reported regarding the prevalence of HPV16 in different countries, whether this represents important differences in etiology remains unclear. Applying rigorous protocols for sample processing, we centrally evaluated 1,420 head and neck tumors (533 oropharynx, 395 oral cavity and 482 larynx) from studies conducted in the US, Europe and Brazil for mucosal HPV DNA and p16 expression to evaluate regional heterogeneity in the proportion of HPV16-associated OPSCC and other head and neck cancer, and to assess covariates associated with the risk of HPV16-positive OPSCC. While majority of OPSCC in the US (60%) were HPV16-positive, this proportion was 31% in Europe and only 4% in Brazil (p < 0.

Diabetes mellitus, metformin and head and neck cancer.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM (Diabetes Mellitus)) is directly associated with some cancers. However, studies on the association between diabetes mellitus and head and neck cancer (HNC (Head and Neck Cancer)) have rendered controversial results. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between DM and HNC, as well as the impact of metformin use on the risk of HNC.

BRAF V600E and decreased NIS and TPO expression are associated with aggressiveness of a subgroup of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.

Background: Thyroid cancer incidence has dramatically increased worldwide over the last two decades. The rise is mostly due to an increased detection of small papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) (≤20  mm), predominantly microPTC (≤10  mm). Although small tumors generally have an excellent outcome, a considerable percentage may have a more aggressive disease and worse prognosis.

Risk factors for head and neck cancer in young adults: a pooled analysis in the INHANCE consortium.

Background: Increasing incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC) in young adults has been reported. We aimed to compare the role of major risk factors and family history of cancer in HNC in young adults and older patients.

Methods: We pooled data from 25 case-control studies and conducted separate analyses for adults ≤ 45 years old ('young adults', 2010 cases and 4042 controls) and >45 years old ('older adults', 17700 cases and 22 704 controls).

PROX1 gene is differentially expressed in oral cancer and reduces cellular proliferation.

Homeobox genes are a family of transcription factors that play a pivotal role in embryogenesis. Prospero homeobox 1 (PROX1) has been shown to function as a tumor suppressor gene or oncogene in various types of cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We have previously identified PROX1 as a downregulated gene in OSCC.

MicroRNA expression profile in head and neck cancer: HOX-cluster embedded microRNA-196a and microRNA-10b dysregulation implicated in cell proliferation.

Background: Current evidence implicates aberrant microRNA expression patterns in human malignancies; measurement of microRNA expression may have diagnostic and prognostic applications. Roles for microRNAs in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are largely unknown. HNSCC, a smoking-related cancer, is one of the most common malignancies worldwide but reliable diagnostic and prognostic markers have not been discovered so far.

High-throughput sequencing of small RNA transcriptomes reveals critical biological features targeted by microRNAs in cell models used for squamous cell cancer research.

Background: The implication of post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs in molecular mechanisms underlying cancer disease is well documented. However, their interference at the cellular level is not fully explored. Functional in vitro studies are fundamental for the comprehension of their role; nevertheless results are highly dependable on the adopted cellular model.