Liver proteome alterations in psychologically distressed rats and a nootropic drug.

Background: Chronic psychological distress is considered today a pandemic due to the modern lifestyle and has been associated with various neurodegenerative, autoimmune, or systemic inflammation-related diseases. Stress is closely related to liver disease exacerbation through the high activity of the endocrine and autonomic nervous systems, and the connection between the development of these pathologies and the physiological effects induced by oxidative stress is not yet completely understood. The use of nootropics, as the cognitive enhancer and antioxidant piracetam, is attractive to repair the oxidative damage.

Interspecific Variation between the American and Mediterranean Species in Terms of Seed Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Content, and Antioxidant Activity.

This study aimed to evaluate a complete nutritional composition in the seeds to compare this nutritional composition with three Mediterranean species. We analyzed the seed morphometry, proximate composition, phytochemicals, and antioxidant capacity. The seed of presented the smaller seed size and weight, while presented the highest values.

Sensory attributes, physicochemical and antioxidant characteristics, and protein profile of wild prickly pear fruits (O. macrocentra Engelm., O. phaeacantha Engelm., and O. engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelmann.) and commercial prickly pear fruits (O. ficus-indica (L.) Mill.).

Mexico presents the highest richness of Opuntia Mill. species. These species are an important economic factor for the country, and source of nutrients, bioactive compounds, pigments, and nutraceuticals which can be of interest for the food and pharmaceutical industry.

Effect of Elicitation on Polyphenol and Carotenoid Metabolism in Butterhead Lettuce ( var. capitata).

The effect of elicitation in butterhead lettuce on carotenoid and polyphenol metabolism was evaluated. Different concentrations of arachidonic acid (AA), salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MJ) (15, 45, and 90 μM) and Harpin protein (HP) (30, 60, and 120 mg/L) were applied on red and green butterhead lettuces. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were incremented by MJ (90 μM) in green and red lettuce.

Seed Characteristics and Nutritional Composition of Pine Nut from Five Populations of from the States of Hidalgo and Chihuahua, Mexico.

The aim of this study was to analyze the seed characteristics and nutritional composition of five pine nut samples from two Mexican states. Morphometry, proximal composition, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity were determined. Samples differed in several morphometric trails, but important differences were documented between SMCH and JCZH samples from Hidalgo State.

Unraveling the in vitro secretome of the phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea to understand the interaction with its hosts.

Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus with high adaptability to different environments and hosts. It secretes a large number of extracellular proteins, which favor plant tissue penetration and colonization, thus contributing to virulence. Secretomics is a proteomics sub-discipline which study the secreted proteins and their secretion mechanisms, so-called secretome.

Clinical evolution of chronic renal patients with HIV infection in replacement therapy.

Patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are a special group with growing interest. In order to study the epidemiological data of HIV+ patients on RRT in Spain, we collected individual information from 2004-2011 (period of use of highly active antiretroviral therapy [HAART] in the Autonomous Communities of Andalusia, Aragon, Asturias, Catalonia, Valencia, Castilla la Mancha, Castilla León, Galicia, Madrid, La Rioja and the Basque Country, comprising 85% of the Spanish population. A total of 271 incident and 209 prevalent patients were analysed.

Renal replacement therapy in Europe: a summary of the 2012 ERA-EDTA Registry Annual Report.

Background: This article summarizes the 2012 European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry Annual Report (available at www.era-edta-reg.org) with a specific focus on older patients (defined as ≥65 years).

Renal replacement therapy in Europe: a summary of the 2011 ERA-EDTA Registry Annual Report.

Background: This article provides a summary of the 2011 ERA-EDTA Registry Annual Report (available at www.era-edta-reg.org).

A physiological, biochemical and proteomic characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae trk1,2 transport mutants grown under limiting potassium conditions.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants lacking both isoforms of the main plasma membrane potassium transporter display impaired potassium transport and defective growth at limiting concentrations of the cation. Moreover, they are hyperpolarized and have a lower intracellular pH than wild-type. In order to unravel global physiological processes altered in trk1,2 mutants, we have established conditions at which both wild-type and mutants can grow at different rates.

Metabolite and proteome changes during the ripening of Syrah and Cabernet Sauvignon grape varieties cultured in a nontraditional wine region in Brazil.

Unlabelled: Grapevines are an important fruit crop from economic and cultural point of views in many countries, including Brazil, where the practice of vitiviniculture is being developed in different regions. We compared the anthocyanin concentration, the main organic acids and sugars, and the proteome profiles during berry ripening of Syrah and Cabernet Sauvignon grapes from two distinct geographical sources in São Paulo State. The proteome was mapped by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and differentially abundant proteins during the ripening process were subjected to MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS analysis.

Proteotyping of Holm oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota) provenances through proteomic analysis of acorn flour.

Proteomics has become a powerful tool to characterize biodiversity and natural variability in plant species, as well as to catalogue and establish phylogenetic relationships and distances among populations, provenances or ecotypes. In this chapter, we describe the standard proteomics workflow that we currently use in cataloguing Holm oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota [Desf.

Protein extraction and gel-based separation methods to analyze responses to pathogens in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L).

We are currently using a 2-DE-based proteomics approach to study plant responses to pathogenic fungi by using the carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L)-Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi pathosystem.

Making a protein extract from plant pathogenic fungi for gel- and LC-based proteomics.

Proteomic technologies have become a successful tool to provide relevant information on fungal biology. In the case of plant pathogenic fungi, this approach would allow a deeper knowledge of the interaction and the biological cycle of the pathogen, as well as the identification of pathogenicity and virulence factors. These two elements open up new possibilities for crop disease diagnosis and environment-friendly crop protection.

Physiological and proteomic analyses of drought stress response in Holm oak provenances.

Responses to drought stress by water withholding have been studied in 1 year old Holm oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota [Desf.] Samp.

Proteomic analysis of mycelium and secretome of different Botrytis cinerea wild-type strains.

Unlabelled: The necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea is a very damaging phytopathogen of wide host range and environmental persistence. It is difficult to control because of its genetic versatility, expressed in the many phenotypical differences among isolates. The genomes of the B.

Application of label-free shotgun nUPLC-MS(E) and 2-DE approaches in the study of Botrytis cinerea mycelium.

The phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea infects more than different 200 plant species and causes substantial losses in numerous crops. The B05.10 and T4 wild-type strain genomes have been recently sequenced, becoming a model system for necrotrophic pathogens, as well as opening up new alternatives in functional genomics, such as proteomics.

Renal replacement therapy in Europe-a summary of the 2010 ERA-EDTA Registry Annual Report.

Background: This study provides a summary of the 2010 European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry Annual Report (available at www.era-edta-reg.org).

Proteomic analysis of Holm oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota [Desf.] Samp.) pollen.

This paper presents an analysis of Holm oak pollen proteome, together with an evaluation of the potentiality that a proteomic approach may have in the provenance variability assessment. Proteins were extracted from pollen of four Holm oak provenances, and they were analyzed by gel-based (1- and 2-DE in combination with MALDI-TOF/TOF) and gel-free (nLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS) approaches. A comparison of 1- and 2-DE protein profiles of the four provenances revealed significant differences, both qualitative and quantitative, in abundance (18 bands and 16 spots, respectively).

Contribution of proteomics to the study of plant pathogenic fungi.

Phytopathogenic fungi are one of the most damaging plant parasitic organisms, and can cause serious diseases and important yield losses in crops. The study of the biology of these microorganisms and the interaction with their hosts has experienced great advances in recent years due to the development of moderm, holistic and high-throughput -omic techniques, together with the increasing number of genome sequencing projects and the development of mutants and reverse genetics tools. We highlight among these -omic techniques the importance of proteomics, which has become a relevant tool in plant-fungus pathosystem research.

Proteomics of plant pathogenic fungi.

Plant pathogenic fungi cause important yield losses in crops. In order to develop efficient and environmental friendly crop protection strategies, molecular studies of the fungal biological cycle, virulence factors, and interaction with its host are necessary. For that reason, several approaches have been performed using both classical genetic, cell biology, and biochemistry and the modern, holistic, and high-throughput, omic techniques.

Immunohistochemical study of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in pure and mixed invasive and in situ ductal carcinomas of the breast.

We assessed differences in the patterns of expression of matrix metalloproteases and their inhibitors (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases) in ductal carcinoma in situ alone and admixed with invasive ductal carcinomas (n = 40), as well as in pure invasive ductal carcinomas (n = 40), immunohistochemically and using tissue arrays. The invasive ductal carcinoma components showed higher expression of matrix metalloprotease-9 and -13 than did the admixed ductal carcinoma in situ, whereas stromal fibroblasts of the invasive components showed higher expression of matrix metalloprotease-2, -7, -9, -13, and -14 and tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-1 and -3 than did fibroblasts around the neoplastic ducts of the admixed ductal carcinoma in situ. Expression of matrix metalloprotease-14 and tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-3 was significantly higher in the mononuclear inflammatory cells of the invasive components.

Expression and prognostic significance of metalloproteases and their inhibitors in luminal A and basal-like phenotypes of breast carcinoma.

To analyze the expression and prognostic value of matrix metalloproteases and their tissue inhibitors in luminal A and basal-like breast carcinomas, an immunohistochemical study was performed on cancer specimens from 93 randomly selected patients with invasive primary ductal tumors of the breast (46 with and 47 without distant metastasis) and with luminal A (n = 48) (ER+, HER2-) or basal-like (HER2-, ER-, PgR-) (n = 45) lesions. Luminal B cases were too few to analyze. Specimens were also studied using tissue microarrays and specific antibodies against matrix metalloproteases 1, 2, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 14 and tissue inhibitors 1, 2, and 3.

Changes in the proteome of functional and regressing corpus luteum during pregnancy and lactation in the rat.

The corpus luteum (CL) is an exquisitely regulated transitory endocrine gland necessary for the onset and maintenance of pregnancy in mammals. Most of the data on the mechanisms of CL differentiation at the molecular level come from genomic studies, but direct protein data are scarce. Here we have undertaken a differential expression proteomic approach to identify, in an unbiased way, those proteins whose levels change significantly in the rat CL as it evolves from functionality during pregnancy to regression after parturition.