Intratumoral injection of the seasonal flu shot converts immunologically cold tumors to hot and serves as an immunotherapy for cancer.

Reprogramming the tumor microenvironment to increase immune-mediated responses is currently of intense interest. Patients with immune-infiltrated "hot" tumors demonstrate higher treatment response rates and improved survival. However, only the minority of tumors are hot, and a limited proportion of patients benefit from immunotherapies.

Synchronous primary malignancies of the appendix and ovary causing carcinomatosis in one patient.

Associated tumors of the ovary and the appendix are commonly found in cases of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PP); the origin of these tumors are a continually debated topic. Outside of the setting of PP, this finding is exceedingly rare and there are no documented reports of two primary processes causing carcinomatosis in the absence of PP. Here, we present a patient who underwent cytoreductive surgery for peritoneal carcinomatosis presumptively secondary to ovarian carcinoma and who on pathological examination was found to have synchronous primary malignant processes of both the appendix and the ovary.

Long-term efficacy of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for the treatment of biliary dyskinesia.

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice for biliary dyskinesia; however, long-term outcomes remain unclear.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients diagnosed with biliary dyskinesia and treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy at a single institution between 2001 and 2012 was conducted. Long-term outcome data were obtained by telephonic interview using a modified Likert scale.