Neuroimaging in the diagnosis and treatment of intracranial pressure disorders.

Objective: To review the clinical features, proposed pathophysiology, and the role of medical imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension and spontaneous intracranial hypotension.

Methods: The authors conducted a narrative review of the current literature on intracranial hypertension and hypotension syndromes, with a focus on imaging findings and role of neurointerventional radiology as a therapeutic option for these pathologies.

Results: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension commonly presents in obese women of childbearing age, being headache and papilledema the main clinical manifestations.

The forgotten lacrimal gland and lacrimal drainage apparatus: pictorial review of CT and MRI findings and differential diagnosis.

The lacrimal gland is a bilobed serous gland located in the superolateral aspect of the orbit. Lacrimal system pathologies can be broadly divided into pathologies of the lacrimal gland and those of the nasolacrimal drainage apparatus. These include distinct congenital, infectious, inflammatory, and benign, indeterminate, and malignant neoplastic lesions.

Atypical resting state functional connectivity in mild traumatic brain injury.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate changes in three intrinsic functional connectivity networks (IFCNs; default mode network [DMN], salience network [SN], and task-positive network [TPN]) in individuals who had sustained a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Methods: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were acquired from 27 mTBI patients with persistent postconcussive symptoms, along with 26 age- and sex-matched controls. These individuals were recruited from a Level-1 trauma center, at least 3 months after a traumatic episode.

Diagnostic Neuroradiology Subspecialty Training: 1 Versus 2 Years; the Canadian Perspective.

Background: Canada began a national reform of its post-graduate medical education training programs to a Competence By Design (CBD) model. Trends from accredited neuroradiology programs from the past 10 years were investigated to inform educators and stakeholders for this process.

Methods: A 13-question electronic survey was sent to program directors of all 8 accredited neuroradiology training programs in Canada.

MRI of the brachial plexus: modified imaging technique leading to a better characterization of its anatomy and pathology.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the imaging modality of choice for the evaluation of the brachial plexus due to its superior soft tissue resolution and multiplanar capabilities. The evaluation of the brachial plexus however represents a diagnostic challenge for the clinician and the radiologist. The imaging assessment of the brachial plexus, in particular, has been traditionally challenging due to the complexity of its anatomy, its distribution in space and due to technical factors.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the temporal lobe: normal anatomy and diseases.

Objective: This pictorial essay will review the magnetic resonance imaging anatomy of the temporal lobes and describe the major pathologic processes of this complex area.

Conclusions: Magnetic resonance imaging is an essential tool in the investigation of a patient with suspected temporal lobe pathology. Various conditions may affect this anatomic region, and, therefore, classification of imaging findings into specific groups may help provide a more focused differential diagnosis.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy restricted to the posterior fossa in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a neurological infectious disease caused by the John Cunningham polyomavirus (JCV), an opportunistic agent with worldwide distribution. This disease is frequently seen in immunosuppressed patients and rarely associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. In the central nervous system PML demyelinating lesions occur in the supratentorial compartment.

MR imaging findings in African trypansomiasis.

We report the initial and follow-up brain findings in a 42-year-old male patient with CNS involvement with African trypansomiasis. Initial MR imaging demonstrated diffuse hyperintensity in the basal ganglia bilaterally as well as involvement of the internal capsule, external capsule, and extreme capsule. Follow-up examination at 1 year revealed decreased signal intensity in the previously affected areas; however, ventricular enlargement indicative of atrophy was readily apparent.

Brainstem involvement with mycosis fungoides: an unusual central nervous system complication.

Changes in the brainstem were demonstrated with MR imaging in a patient with mycosis fungoides. Previous reports of CNS involvement in this rare disease have not had similar findings.