In recent decades the Amazonian ecosystem has received large amounts of domestic and industrial effluents, as well as mining-related waste contributing significant quantities of metal to water bodies. Thus, the main objective of the study was to verify the sensitivity of a native Amazonian ostracod (Strandesia rondoniensis) species to isolated and mixed metal salts (CuSO; ZnCl; CdCl and HgCl). The sensitivity will be compared to other species using species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) for an ecological risk assessment (ERA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe excessive use of pesticides in agriculture and the widespread use of metals in industrial activities and or technological applications has significantly increased the concentrations of these pollutants in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems worldwide, making aquatic biota increasingly vulnerable and putting many species at risk of extinction. Most aquatic habitats receive pollutants from various anthropogenic actions, leading to interactions between compounds that make them even more toxic. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the compounds Chlorpyrifos (insecticide) and Cadmium (metal), both individually and in mixtures, on the cladocerans Ceriodaphnia rigaudi and Ceriodaphnia silvestrii.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Environ Contam Toxicol
February 2024
Predation presents specific behavioral characteristics for each species, and the interaction between prey and predator influences the structuring of the food web. Concerning insects, predation can be affected in different ways, such as exposure to chemical stressors, e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFParabens, a group of preservatives with a wide industrial range, threaten human and aquatic biota health due to their toxicity and endocrine disruption potential. As conventional wastewater treatment may not be enough to keep natural environments safe, toxicity studies are useful tools for supporting ecological risk assessments. Here, we focused on assessing ethylparaben's, one of the most common kinds of paraben, toxicity in the cladocerans Daphnia similis and Ceriodaphnia silvestrii.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF2,4-D and fipronil are among Brazil's most used pesticides. The presence of these substances in surface waters is a concern for the aquatic ecosystem health. Thus, understanding the behavior of these substances under environmentally relevant conditions is essential for an effective risk assessment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPollution by metals is a matter of concern around the world. In recent decades, the high population growth in urban centers has significantly magnified the entry of these pollutants into aquatic ecosystems. The Amazon region, intense migratory flow, gold mining, and industrialization have been considered the main driving forces for increasing metal pollution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this study we evaluated the acute (immobility/mortality) and chronic (survival and reproduction) effects of the drugs caffeine, diclofenac sodium salt, ketoprofen, paracetamol and salicylic acid on the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia silvestrii. The environmental risks of these substances for tropical freshwaters were estimated from the risk quotient MEC/PNEC. Sensitivity in acute exposures varied up on the drug as follows: salicylic acid (EC = 69.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe ecotoxicity of metals is generally assessed individually, in part because current knowledge does not allow for the accurate prediction of the toxicity of metal mixtures to aquatic organisms. The objective of this study was to investigate the toxic effects of binary combinations of metal salts (copper sulphate-CuSO, cadmium chloride-CdCl, mercury chloride-HgCl and manganese sulphate-MnSO) on the tropical ostracod Strandesia trispinosa through acute toxicity tests. To this end, ostracods were exposed to each individual metal salt as well as to their combinations by applying a full factorial design.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
January 2023
Sugarcane management practices include the application of pesticides, including the herbicide 2,4-D and the insecticide fipronil. In addition, a by-product from the ethanol industry, called vinasse, is commonly applied to fertilize sugarcane areas. The potential risks of these practices to the edge-of-field aquatic ecosystems were assessed in the present study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAquat Toxicol
April 2022
When pesticides reach the aquatic environment, they can distribute in water and sediment, increasing the risks to benthic organisms, such as amphipods that play a key role in the aquatic food webs. Thus, the present study assessed the consequences of exposure to the insecticide fipronil and herbicide 2,4-D (alone and in mixture) on biochemical markers, feeding rates and the partial life-cycle of Hyalella meinerti. Three concentrations of fipronil (0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSugarcane crops are dependent on chemicals for maintaining plantations. Therefore, environmental consequences concern adjacent areas that can be affected by contaminants in common use, including pesticides and vinasse (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDespite the co-occurrence of metals in aquatic environments, their joint effects are generally not considered during risk assessments. Data on the combined effects of zinc (Zn) and aluminum (Al) on aquatic animals are extremely scarce in the literature, although these metals are commonly used in domestic and industrial activities. In the present study, we investigated the effects of mixtures of Zn and Al on the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia silvestrii.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Pollut
August 2021
Conventional farming delivers a range of pesticides to aquatic ecosystems leading to implications for the indigenous species. Due to the multiple applications and persistence of molecules, organisms may be exposed for a prolonged period over multiple generations. The present study outlines a full life-cycle design over three generations of Chironomus sancticaroli exposed to the insecticide fipronil, the herbicide 2,4-D, and their mixtures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe copepod Acartia tonsa was standardized as model organism in acute toxicity bioassays due to its key position in coastal food chains and high sensitivity. Once bioassays are performed according to a protocol their results may become tools for the protection of aquatic ecosystems. However, there are divergences in bioassays methods using A.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConventional farming uses a large volume of pesticides that may reach aquatic ecosystems. This is also the case for the insecticide fipronil and the herbicide 2,4-D, which are widely used in many crops. This study aimed at evaluating the individual and mixture toxicity of these pesticides to the tropical amphipod Hyalella meinerti.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAquat Toxicol
February 2021
Sugarcane crops management in Brazil includes the use of pesticides, as well as alternative organic fertilizers such as vinasse obtained from waste of the ethanol industry. In order to assess the effects of the environmental contamination generated by such sugarcane practices, this study was aimed to investigate the effects of the pesticides 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and fipronil, as well as vinasse, on the survival, behavior, and reproduction of the native epibenthic macroinvertebrate Hyalella meinerti through in situ and laboratory experiments. In situ assays were conducted in mesocosms with six treatments, i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIncreased use of pesticides in conventional agriculture implies potential risks to the environment. In aquatic ecosystems, benthic organisms may be exposed to pesticides via contaminated water and sediment, leading to several potential cascading effects on the food web. The aim of this study was to assess the functional implications of environmental realistic concentrations of the herbicide 2,4-D and the insecticide fipronil (alone and in combination) to the native tropical chironomid Chironomus sancticaroli.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEcotoxicol Environ Saf
December 2020
The occurrence of pesticides and their mixtures in the environment can alter the ecological relationships between aquatic food chains. Since fipronil and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) are commonly found together in Brazilian water bodies, the present study aimed to investigate through an integrative approach the toxicity mechanisms of environmentally relevant concentrations of pesticides Regent® 800 WG (active ingredient - a.i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Environ Contam Toxicol
October 2020
Aquatic environments are constantly exposed to a cocktail of contaminants mainly due to human activities. As polluted ecosystems may simultaneously present other multiple natural stressors, the objective of the present study was to evaluate joint effect of stressors (natural and anthropogenic) on life history traits of the Neotropical cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia silvestrii. For this purpose, the effects of water conditioned with predator kairomones (fish) and environmental concentrations (sublethal) of two pesticides widely used in sugarcane monoculture in Brazil, the insecticide Regent 800 WG (active ingredient-a.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemosphere
January 2021
Brazil is the largest producer of sugarcane, a crop largely dependent on chemical control for its maintenance. The insecticide fipronil and herbicide 2,4-D stand out among the most commonly used pesticides and, therefore, environmental consequences are a matter of concern. The present study aimed to investigate the toxicity mechanisms of Regent® 800 WG (a.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study evaluated the toxicity of pesticide formulations Kraft® 36 EC (active ingredient-a.i. abamectin) and Score® 250 EC (a.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Monit Assess
January 2020
Increasing concerns have been raised about the toxicity of mercury (Hg) to humans, especially for those that consume a great amount of fish. High Hg concentrations have previously been measured in Amazonian waterbodies, both resulting from natural and anthropogenic sources. However, few studies have been conducted so far in Amazonian lakes that are fished by local populations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEcotoxicol Environ Saf
September 2019
The relatively low availability of toxicity data for indigenous tropical species has often been discussed. In addition, several taxonomic groups of invertebrates are understudied, such as dragonflies and ostracods. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the acute toxicity of four metals (cadmium - Cd, copper - Cu, manganese - Mn, and mercury - Hg) to the tropical dragonfly nymphs of Tramea cophysa and two tropical ostracod species (Chlamydotheca sp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe use of temperate toxicity data in tropical risk assessments has often been disputed. Previous sensitivity comparisons between temperate and tropical species, however, have not shown a consistent sensitivity difference between climatically-distinct species. Such comparisons were often limited by a small tropical toxicity dataset.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe toxicity of metals, whether isolated or in mixtures, involves changes in biochemical processes as well as in cell membranes, which may lead to deleterious short- and long-term effects on the affected organisms. Among metals, cadmium and mercury stand out due to their abundance in nature, frequent use for industrial activities and biological accumulation, with high levels of residence in trophic chains. Benthic communities are particularly prone to metal pollution since metals usually accumulate in sediments.
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