The parabasal filaments of : A new filament and observations using 0.8 nm-resolution scanning electron microscopy.

is the etiologic agent of trichomoniasis, the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infection worldwide, with an estimated 260 million new cases annually. contains organelles common to all eukaryotic cells, uncommon cell structures such as hydrogenosomes, and a complex and elaborate cytoskeleton constituting the mastigont system. The mastigont system is mainly formed by several proteinaceous structures associated with basal bodies, the pelta-axostylar complex made of microtubules, and striated filaments named the costa and the parabasal filaments (PFs).

Characterization of a new extra-axonemal structure in the Giardia intestinalis flagella.

The inner structure of the flagella of Giardia intestinalis is similar to that of other organisms, consisting of nine pairs of outer microtubules and a central pair containing radial spokes. Although the 9+2 axonemal structure is conserved, it is not clear whether subregions, including the transition zone, are present in the flagella of this parasite. Giardia axonemes originate from basal bodies and have a lengthy cytosolic portion before becoming active flagella.

: Monolayer and Cluster Formation-Ultrastructural Aspects Using High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy.

is an extracellular protozoan parasite that causes human trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that affects approximately 270 million people worldwide. The phenomenon of adhesion to inert substrates has been described in several reports. Still, very few studies on cluster formation have been conducted, and more detailed analyses of the contact regions between the parasites' membranes in these aggregate formations have not been carried out.

Effect of graphene oxide on bacteria and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Background: Driven by the potential biological applications of graphene, many groups have studied the response of cells exposed to graphene oxide (GO). In particular, investigations of bacteria indicate that there are 2 crucial parameters, which so far have only been investigated separately: GO size and exposure methodology. Our study took into account both parameters.