HIV-1 genetic diversity to estimate time of infection and infer adherence to preexposure prophylaxis.

Objective: To estimate time of HIV infection in participants from the Bangkok Tenofovir Study (BTS) with daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) for preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and relate infection with adherence patterns.

Design: We used the diversity structure of the virus population at the first HIV RNA-positive sample to estimate the date of infection, and mapped these estimates to medication diaries obtained under daily directly observed therapy (DOT).

Methods: HIV genetic diversity was investigated in all 17 PrEP breakthrough infections and in 16 placebo recipients.

Hepatitis C virus infection among people who inject drugs in Bangkok, Thailand, 2005-2010.

Background: Approximately 1% of adults in Thailand are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). New direct-acting antiviral agents achieve sustained virologic responses in >95% of HCV-infected patients and are becoming available in countries around the world. To prepare for new HCV treatment options in Thailand, this study characterized HCV infections among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Bangkok.

Assessment of Oral Fluid HIV Test Performance in an HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Trial in Bangkok, Thailand.

Background: Rapid easy-to-use HIV tests offer opportunities to increase HIV testing among populations at risk of infection. We used the OraQuick Rapid HIV-1/2 antibody test (OraQuick) in the Bangkok Tenofovir Study, an HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis trial among people who inject drugs.

Methods: The Bangkok Tenofovir Study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Renal function of participants in the Bangkok tenofovir study--Thailand, 2005-2012.

Background: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (tenofovir) has been associated with renal dysfunction in people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receiving combination antiretroviral therapy. We reviewed data from an HIV preexposure prophylaxis trial to determine if tenofovir use was associated with changes in renal function in an HIV-uninfected population.

Methods: During the trial, 2413 HIV-uninfected people who inject drugs were randomized to receive tenofovir or placebo.

Diagnostic performance and costs of Capilia TB for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex identification from broth-based culture in Bangkok, Thailand.

Objectives: Broth-based culture (BBC) systems are increasingly being used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in resource-limited. We evaluated the performance, time to detection and cost of the Capilia TB identification test from broth cultures positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in Thailand.

Methods: From October-December 2007, broth cultures that grew AFB from specimens submitted by district TB clinics to the Bangkok city laboratory were tested for MTBC using Capilia TB and standard biochemical tests.