The Role of Supplements and Over-the-Counter Products to Improve Sleep in Children: A Systematic Review.

The sleep-wake cycle is a complex multifactorial process involving several neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, histamine, dopamine, orexin and GABA, that can be, in turn, regulated by different nutrients involved in their metabolic pathways. Although good sleep quality in children has been proven to be a key factor for optimal cognitive, physical and psychological development, a significant and ever-increasing percentage of the pediatric population suffers from sleep disorders. In children, behavioral interventions along with supplements are recommended as the first line treatment.

[Does incidence of sentinel lymph node metastasis increase after diagnostic manipulation in women with breast cancer?].

503 patients were retrospectively evaluated to assess whether a previous needle or core biopsy, or surgical surgical excision of the primary tumor are associated with passive dislodgment of tumor cells in the sentinel lymph node, as reported in recent publications. We could not identify any increased incidence of sentinel lymph node micrometastases or isolated tumor cells after diagnostic manipulation of the primary tumor.

Intraoperative examination of sentinel nodes in breast cancer: is the glass half full or half empty?

Background: Intraoperative identification of positive sentinel lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer may avoid a return to the operating room.

Methods: In a group of 402 consecutive patients with primary breast cancer who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy, an intraoperative examination (IE) was obtained in 236 cases either by frozen section (FS; n = 68) or by touch preparation cytology (TP; n = 168).

Results: IE had an accuracy of 89% (209 of 236), but it identified only 52 of 77 positive cases (sensitivity, 68%).

[Extemporaneous examination of the sentinel lymph node in breast cancer: is the glass half full or half empty?].

Intra-operative examination of sentinel LN is controversial. Concordance with definitive exam of SLN in this series was 81%, though only 54% of positive cases were diagnosed. Micrometastases and ITC were usually lost intraoperatively, accounting for 14% of cases.

Predictive value of early postoperative esophagoscopy for occurrence of benign stenosis after cervical esophagogastrostomy.

Background And Study Aims: Benign anastomotic stenosis (BAS) represents a frequent complication following esophagectomy and cervical esophagogastrostomy for cancer. This study was undertaken to evaluate through early postoperative esophagoscopy the morphologic change of the anastomosis which could be related to BAS development.

Patients And Methods: Thirty-nine patients who underwent subtotal esophagectomy and cervical esophagogastrostomy were prospectively evaluated.

Esophageal metastasis from clear cell carcinoma of the kidney.

Esophageal metastasis from distant primary malignancies is an uncommon occurrence. The first case of a clear cell carcinoma of the kidney metastatic to the esophagus 5 yr after nephrectomy is reported.