White Matter Hyperintensities and Cognition in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Domain-Specific Meta-Analysis.

Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are related to cognitive dysfunction in the general population. The clinical relevance of WMHs in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is, however, unclear.

Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to quantify the association of WMHs and specific cognitive domains in patients with MCI or AD.

Do Lacunar Infarcts Have Different Aetiologies? Risk Factor Profiles of Lacunar Infarcts in Deep White Matter and Basal Ganglia: The Second Manifestations of ARTerial Disease-Magnetic Resonance Study.

Background: Evidence suggests that lacunar infarcts have different etiologies, possibly related to their anatomical location and vascular territory. We investigated the risk factor profiles of patients with new lacunar infarcts in the basal ganglia and deep white matter.

Methods: Within the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease-Magnetic Resonance study, a prospective cohort on brain changes on MRI in patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic disease, 679 patients (57 ± 9 years) had vascular screening and MRI at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 3.

Cerebellar Cortical Infarct Cavities: Correlation With Risk Factors and MRI Markers of Cerebrovascular Disease.

Background And Purpose: Small cerebellar infarct cavities have been recently found on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to preferentially involve the cerebellar cortex, but epidemiological studies are lacking. We aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factor profiles of cerebellar cortical infarct cavities (≤1.5 cm) as well as their association with MRI markers of cerebrovascular disease and functioning.

Cerebellar infarct patterns: The SMART-Medea study.

Objective: Previous studies on cerebellar infarcts have been largely restricted to acute infarcts in patients with clinical symptoms, and cerebellar infarcts have been evaluated with the almost exclusive use of transversal MR images. We aimed to document the occurrence and 3D-imaging patterns of cerebellar infarcts presenting as an incidental finding on MRI.

Methods: We analysed the 1.

Presence and progression of white matter hyperintensities and cognition: a meta-analysis.

Objective: We aimed to quantify the effects of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on specific cognitive functions with particular attention to WMH progression and localization.

Methods: PubMed (January 1990-July 2013) and bibliographies from included articles were used. Studies that were included (1) used MRI; (2) had a population-based or case-control design with a healthy control group that could be used for analysis; (3) matched/adjusted for age, sex, and education; and (4) addressed ≥1 predefined cognitive domains with ≥1 validated neuropsychological tests.

Homocysteine and progression of generalized small-vessel disease: the SMART-MR Study.

Objectives: Assuming the involvement of homocysteine in a generalized small-vessel disease, we investigated the association of homocysteine levels with progression of white matter lesions, lacunar infarcts, and kidney disease.

Methods: Within the SMART-MR (Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease-Magnetic Resonance) Study, a prospective cohort study on brain aging in patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic disease, 663 patients (aged 57 ± 9 years) had vascular screening and 1.5-tesla MRI at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 3.

Homocysteine, progression of ventricular enlargement, and cognitive decline: the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease-Magnetic Resonance study.

Background: Homocysteine may be a modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline and brain atrophy, particularly in older persons. We examined whether homocysteine increased the risk for cognitive decline and brain atrophy, and evaluated the modifying effect of age.

Methods: Within the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease-Magnetic Resonance study-a prospective cohort study among patients with atherosclerotic disease-longitudinal analyses were performed in 663 patients (mean age: 57 ± 9 years; follow-up: 3.

Cerebral small vessel disease and risk of death, ischemic stroke, and cardiac complications in patients with atherosclerotic disease: the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease-Magnetic Resonance (SMART-MR) study.

Background And Purpose: Cerebral small vessel disease may be related to vascular and nonvascular pathology. We assessed whether lacunar infarcts and white matter lesions on MRI increased the risk of vascular and nonvascular death and future vascular events in patients with atherosclerotic disease.

Methods: Brain MRI was performed in 1309 patients with atherosclerotic disease from the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease-Magnetic Resonance (SMART-MR) study.

[Imaging of small cerebral blood vessels using 7-Tesla MRI].

MRI equipment with a magnet having a field strength of 7 Tesla (7-T) has been in use for several years at the University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands. 7-Tesla MR imaging provides new opportunities for imaging the brain and its vasculature. The enhanced resolution and the possibilities for angiography of the smallest cerebral vessels without using contrast media are particularly of interest for patients with cerebral small-vessel disease.

Homocysteine and cerebral small vessel disease in patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic disease. The SMART-MR study.

Objective: High homocysteine level is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and has been associated with lacunar infarcts (LIs), white matter lesions (WML) and cognitive dysfunction. It is unclear whether homocysteine is associated with cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) on top of pre-existent atherosclerosis. We evaluated the association between homocysteine and cSVD in a large cohort of patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic disease.

Steroid responsive encephalopathy in cerebral amyloid angiopathy: a case report and review of evidence for immunosuppressive treatment.

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a common but often asymptomatic disease, characterized by deposition of amyloid in cerebral blood vessels. We describe the successful treatment of CAA encephalopathy with dexamethasone in a patient with CAA-related inflammation causing subacute progressive encephalopathy and seizures, which is an increasingly recognized subtype of CAA. The two pathological subtypes of CAA-related inflammation are described and a review of the literature is performed concerning immunosuppressive treatment of CAA-related inflammation with special attention to its pathological subtypes.

Reversible posterior leucoencephalopathy syndrome associated with bortezomib in a patient with relapsed multiple myeloma.

Reversible posterior leucoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) is a potentially fatal but reversible clinico-radiological syndrome with symptoms of headache, altered mental functioning, visual changes and seizures in association with typical posterior cerebral white matter lesions. RPLS is associated with the use of cytotoxic drugs, usually in combination with high blood pressure. We report a case of RPLS that we believe is associated with bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor with proapoptotic and antiangiogenic properties approved for the treatment of relapsed multiple myeloma, and speculate about the possible mechanisms leading to RPLS.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity: A systematic comparison of their impact on cognition.

Vascular risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity, have been associated with an increased risk of cognitive dysfunction, particularly in the elderly. The aim of this systematic review was to compare these risk factors with regard to the nature and magnitude of the associated cognitive decrements. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that assessed cognitive functioning in non-demented persons in relation to diabetes/impaired glucose metabolism (k = 36), hypertension (k = 24), dyslipidemia (k = 7) and obesity (k = 6) and that adjusted or matched for age, gender and education were included.

Diabetes and other vascular risk factors for dementia: which factor matters most? A systematic review.

Vascular risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity and dyslipidaemia often co-occur. Each of these factors has been associated with an increased risk of dementia, but it is uncertain which factor imposes the greatest risk. Moreover, the effect of age at time of exposure may differ across factors.