Effect of trigger day serum luteinising hormone levels on the in-vitro fertilization outcome: an observational study.

Objective: Controlled ovarian stimulation leads to profound changes in the endocrine characteristics of the ovarian cycle. Serum luteinising hormone (LH) levels on the day of trigger have been shown to correlate with oocyte quality and pregnancy rate in antagonist cycles.

Methods: This is an observational study of 86 women undergoing an antagonist in-vitro fertilisation cycle.

Comparing Assisted Reproductive Outcomes in Women with Different Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Phenotypes Undergoing Frozen Embryo Transfer.

Background: Patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have unique characteristics depending on its phenotype. Therefore, prediction of controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) response and assisted reproductive technique (ART) outcome in these becomes challenging.

Aims: To assess the outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in various polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotypes and to evaluate the predictive value of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and total testosterone on ART success.

Cytokines, NK cells and regulatory T cell functions in normal pregnancy and reproductive failures.

Purpose Of The Review: Pregnancy brings about an intricate assortment of dynamic changes, which causes proper connection of genetically discordant maternal and foetal tissues. Uterine NK cells are immune cells populating the endometrium and play a major role in implantation and also regulate placentation. This review mainly aims explore the role of uterine NK cells in implantation and how it is affecting in adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Comparing Progesterone Primed Ovarian Stimulation (PPOS) to GnRH Antagonist Protocol in Oocyte Donation Cycles.

Background: Progesterone-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) protocol is based on the principle of preventing pre-mature luteinising hormone surge during ovarian stimulation using progesterone.

Aims: In this study, we aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness of PPOS over GnRH antagonist cycles in oocyte donor cycles where freeze all is a norm.

Settings And Design: It is a prospective cohort study with 130 participants.

Effects of prematuration culture with a phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor on oocyte morphology and embryo quality in in vitro maturation.

Objective: The study assessed the developmental potential of germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes subjected to in vitro maturation (IVM) after prematuration culture with cilostamide (a phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor) and the impact of cilostamide exposure on the morphology of meiosis II (MII) oocytes and subsequent embryo quality.

Methods: In total, 994 oocytes were collected from 63 patients. Among 307 GV oocytes, 140 oocytes were selected for the experimental group and 130 oocytes for the control group.

Management of peri-ovarian hematoma following oocyte retrieval in a pooling cycle IVF: Case report.

Here we report a case of peri-ovarian hematoma following ovum pick-up in a patient in a pooling cycle IVF (in vitro fertilization). We have attempted to discuss the possible mechanisms for the development of hematoma in such patients, the common clinical presentation, monitoring, and management of these cases. The decision to operate or to manage conservatively forms an important aspect of managing such patients.

Emotional Impact of Delay in Fertility Treatment due to COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented public health emergency. When the pandemic started in our country fertility treatment was suspended for sometimes following national and international guidelines. This has led to delay in fertility treatment for some couples which was emotionally upsetting.

HCG trigger versus GnRH agonist trigger in PCOS patients undergoing IVF cycles: frozen embryo transfer outcomes.

Objective: The use of Gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa), with freeze-all strategy followed by frozen embryo transfer (FET) has been found to eliminate the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) undergoing IVF cycles. However, physicians still hesitate to routinely use GnRHa as a trigger, replacing human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), for concerns of compromised cycle outcome. We aimed to evaluate outcomes following the transfer of embryos in FET cycles obtained from GnRHa trigger in comparison with hCG trigger in PCOS patients of Asian origin.

Deterioration of semen quality and sperm-DNA integrity as influenced by cigarette smoking in fertile and infertile human male smokers-A prospective study.

In modernized lifestyle smoking is one of the trendy, psychological, and socioeconomic scenarios of young adolescents mainly in the age of the reproductive stage. Based on a number of cigarettes smoked, age, and duration of the smoke, the study aims to search for the profound effects of smoking and its impact on semen parameters, sperm-DNA integrity, and fragmentation of sperm DNA with cotinine and apoptotic caspase-3 marker in the seminal plasma of fertile and infertile smokers. To determine oxidative damage by 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) from isolated sperm DNA (steps: reactive oxygen species washing by nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT), sperm lysis, salt digestion, ethanol washing, and finally with high-performance liquid chromatography analysis).

Role of Seminal Plasma Proteins in Effective Zygote Formation- A Success Road to Pregnancy.

Seminal plasma proteins contributed by secretions of accessory glands plays a copious role in fertilization. Their role is overlooked for decades and even now, as Artificial Reproduction Techniques (ART) excludes the plasma components in the procedures. Recent evidences suggest the importance of these proteins starting from imparting fertility status to men, fertilization and till successful implantation of the conceptus in the female uterus.

Perifollicular Vascularity in Poor Ovarian Responders in Fertilization Cycles.

Context: Poor response is reported in 9%-24% of stimulated cycles. Color Doppler indices of follicular blood flow are correlated with oocyte recovery, fertilization rate, developmental potential of oocyte, and pregnancy rate in fertilization (IVF) treatment.

Aim: The aim of this study is to find out the correlation between perifollicular vascularity with clinical outcomes in poor ovarian responders during IVF cycles.

Empty Follicle Syndrome Following GnRHa Trigger in PCOS Patients Undergoing IVF Cycles.

Background: The objective of this study was to analyze the incidence and the underlying mechanisms of empty follicle syndrome (EFS) occurring in gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) triggered in fertilization (IVF) cycles with GnRH antagonist protocol in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) of Indian origin. The study also intended to evaluate the cycle outcome following a rescue trigger.

Methods: Retrospective cohort analysis of data was extracted from the hospital database of 271 PCOS patients who underwent IVF in antagonist protocol triggered with GnRHa from August 2014 to December 2016.

Cadmium effects on sperm morphology and semenogelin with relates to increased ROS in infertile smokers: An in vitro and in silico approach.

Smoking releases cadmium (Cd), the metal toxicant which causes an imbalance in reactive oxygen species level in seminal plasma. This imbalance is envisaged to impair the sperm DNA morphology and thereby result in male infertility. In order to correlate this association, we performed in vitro and in silico studies and evaluated the influence of reactive oxygen species imbalance on sperm morphology impairments due to smoking.

Simple isolation and characterization of seminal plasma extracellular vesicle and its total RNA in an academic lab.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound sacs, identified in many body fluids of humans. Standard extracellular vesicle separation methods such as differential and ultracentrifugation are very expensive, not affordable in academic labs. So, the current research tried to isolate seminal plasma EVs using polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation process.

Repeat Dose of Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Agonist Trigger in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Undergoing Fertilization Cycles Provides a Better Cycle Outcome - A proof-of-concept Study.

Objective: Is a single dose of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) trigger to induce final oocyte maturation in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) undergoing fertilization (IVF) cycles with GnRH antagonist protocol sufficient to provide optimal oocyte maturity?

Design: This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, proof-of-concept study.

Setting: This study was carried out at a tertiary care center.

Material And Methods: A total of 125 patients diagnosed with PCOS defined as per the ESHRE/ASRM Rotterdam criteria (2003) undergoing IVF in antagonist protocol were randomized into two groups.

Human sperm DNA damage inhibition and antioxidant activity of T. arjuna bark: an in vitro study.

Complimentary or natural antioxidant type of alternative medicine is developed worldwide to treat male infertility. The aim of this study is to the extraction of T. arjuna bark and activity against human sperm DNA damage in asthenoteratospermic smoker's subjects-an in vitro study.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist trigger is a better alternative than human chorionic gonadotropin in PCOS undergoing IVF cycles for an OHSS Free Clinic: A Randomized control trial.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate if gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) trigger is a better alternative to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) of Indian origin undergoing fertilization (IVF) cycles with GnRH antagonist for the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS).

Design: Prospective randomized control trial.

Setting: Tertiary care center.

Validation of artificial neural network models for predicting biochemical markers associated with male infertility.

Unlabelled: Seminal fluid is the secretion from many glands comprised of several organic and inorganic compounds including free amino acids, proteins, fructose, glucosidase, zinc, and other scavenging elements like Mg(2+), Ca(2+), K(+), and Na(+). Therefore, in the view of development of novel approaches and proper diagnosis to male infertility, overall understanding of the biochemical and molecular composition and its role in regulation of sperm quality is highly desirable. Perhaps this can be achieved through artificial intelligence.

EFFECT OF SEMEN EXTENDER ON PROTEIN CONCENTRATION IN EACH FRACTION OF CRYOPRESERVED HUMAN SEMEN.

Background: Semen extender is liquid diluents which are added to semen to preserve its fertilizing ability. The addition of extender to semen protects the sperm against possible damage by toxic seminal plasma, as well as providing nutrients.

Aim And Objective: The hypotheses of the study are to evaluate, if there is any significant change in the protein concentration in each fractions of human semen before and after freezing with prepared semen extender.

Empty follicle syndrome: Successful pregnancy following dual trigger.

Empty follicle syndrome (EFS) is an uncommon, but the frustrating complication of assisted reproductive technology with failure to obtain oocytes after an adequate ovarian response to stimulation. Most of the reported cases of EFS are drug-related problems which are actually avoidable and do not represent any potential pathology and that the risk of genuine EFS (GEFS) is much smaller than was once thought. Our case is the first report of a pregnancy obtained after management of GEFS with dual trigger in a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist cycle.

EFFECTS OF VARIOUS SEMEN EXTENDERS ON SEMEN PARAMETERS FOR THE PURPOSE OF HUMAN MALE FERTILITY PRESERVATION.

Background: Cryopreservation enables semen to be preserved at subzero temperatures, usually at -196 degrees C. There is a need in preparing good extender for the semen to be cryopreserved until use, especially in the field of assisted reproduction.

Objective: To elucidate the apt extender for preserving both infertile and fertile samples for a minimum period and to check the post thaw results for various extenders used.

Correlation of subendometrial-endometrial blood flow assessment by two-dimensional power Doppler with pregnancy outcome in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles.

Context: Various markers have been proposed to evaluate endometrial receptivity, such as molecular markers and sonographic markers. Commonly used sonographic markers include endometrial thickness and pattern. A good endometrial blood flow is considered necessary for improved pregnancy outcome.

Effect of Pre-ovulatory Single Dose GnRH agonist Therapy on IVF Outcome in GnRH Antagonist Cycles; A Prospective Study.

Background: The purpose of present study was to evaluate the role of pre-ovulatory GnRH agonist therapy on IVF outcomes in GnRH antagonist cycles.

Methods: In this prospective study we recruited 100 infertile women undergoing IVF cycles with GnRH antagonists. The patients were assigned to two groups: Group A (the study group, n = 42) were assigned for receiving hCG + triptorelin for the final oocyte maturation and group B (the control group, n = 58) were assigned for only hCG.

Prediction of Zn concentration in human seminal plasma of Normospermia samples by Artificial Neural Networks (ANN).

Purpose: There has been an increasing interest in the evaluation of metal ion concentration, present in different body fluids. It is known that metal ions, especially zinc play vital role in the fertility of human semen.

Objective: The main objective of the study is to evaluate the Zn concentration in Normospermia samples by Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and to predict the same by artificial neural network (ANN).