New Euplocania species (Psocodea: Ptiloneuridae) from Colombia, Ecuador and Nicaragua, amendments and addition to species groups.

Three new species of Euplocania (Ptiloneuridae) are described, illustrated, and assigned to two species groups. These new species are E. coyolarensis n.

A genotyping array for the globally invasive vector mosquito, Aedes albopictus.

Background: Although whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is the preferred genotyping method for most genomic analyses, limitations are often experienced when studying genomes characterized by a high percentage of repetitive elements, high linkage, and recombination deserts. The Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus), for example, has a genome comprising up to 72% repetitive elements, and therefore we set out to develop a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip to be more cost-effective. Aedes albopictus is an invasive species originating from Southeast Asia that has recently spread around the world and is a vector for many human diseases.

Euplocania (Psocodea: Ptiloneuridae) in Peru, description of six new species.

Based on a review of specimens from Peru, six new species of the Euplocania (Ptiloneuridae) were found and assigned to species groups. The new species, here described and illustrated are: Euplocania alfonnerii n. sp.

New species of Euplocania Enderlein (Psocodea: 'Psocoptera': Psocomorpha) from Colombia and Ecuador.

Four species of Euplocania from Colombia (Euplocania huitota n. sp., E.

New species of Goja Navás (Psocodea: 'Psocoptera': Epipsocidae) from Colombia, Mexico and Peru.

Upon examination of epipsocid specimens recently collected in natural areas of Colombia, Mexico and Peru, 17 new species of Goja were found. These are here described and illustrated. An updated key for the identification of males of the described species of Goja is presented.

Identification keys to the Anopheles mosquitoes of South America (Diptera: Culicidae). I. Introduction.

Background: The worldwide genus Anopheles Meigen, 1918 is the only genus containing species evolved as vectors of human and simian malaria. Morbidity and mortality caused by Plasmodium Marchiafava & Celli, 1885 is tremendous, which has made these parasites and their vectors the objects of intense research aimed at mosquito identification, malaria control and elimination. DNA tools make the identification of Anopheles species both easier and more difficult.

Identification keys to the Anopheles mosquitoes of South America (Diptera: Culicidae). II. Fourth-instar larvae.

Background: Accurate species identification of South American anophelines using morphological characters of the fourth-instar larva is problematic, because of the lack of up-to-date identification keys. In addition, taxonomic studies, employing scanning electron microscopy of the eggs and DNA sequence data, have uncovered multiple complexes of morphologically similar species, and resulted in the resurrection of other species from synonymy, mainly in the subgenus Nyssorhynchus. Consequently, the identification keys urgently need to be updated to provide accurate morphological tools to identify fourth-instar larvae of all valid species and species complexes.

Identification keys to the Anopheles mosquitoes of South America (Diptera: Culicidae). IV. Adult females.

Background: Morphological identification of adult females of described species of the genus Anopheles Meigen, 1818 in South America is problematic, but necessary due to their differing roles in the transmission of human malaria. The increase in the number of species complexes uncovered by molecular taxonomy challenges accurate identification using morphology. In addition, the majority of newly discovered species have not been formally described and in some cases the identities of the nominotypical species of species complexes have not been resolved.

Identification key to the Anopheles mosquitoes of South America (Diptera: Culicidae). III. Male genitalia.

Background: Accurate identification of the species of Anopheles Meigen, 1818 requires careful examination of all life stages. However, morphological characters, especially those of the females and fourth-instar larvae, show some degree of polymorphism and overlap among members of species complexes, and sometimes even within progenies. Characters of the male genitalia are structural and allow accurate identification of the majority of species, excluding only those in the Albitarsis Complex.

An appraisal of the genus Ptiloneura Enderlein (Insecta: Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Ptiloneuridae), new species from Colombia and Peru, and a key to the males.

We describe and illustrate 15 species of Ptiloneura, from Colombia and Peru. The number of species of Ptiloneura is raised to 34, of which 28 (82.3%) are Colombian.

The genus Loneura Navás (Insecta: Psocodea: 'Psocoptera': Ptiloneuridae) in Colombia, description of new species and key for identification.

We here describe and illustrate the following 14 new species of Loneura: altaquerensis; carijona; javierensis; koreguaje; magdalenensis; misak; murui; nonuya; occidentalis; orucapu; tatama; tayronensis; tendalensis; zuluagai. These are based on specimens recently collected in natural areas of Colombia; the females of L. colombiana García Aldrete et al.

On the genera Ptiloneura Enderlein, Loneura Navás, and Loneuroides García Aldrete (Psocodea: 'Psocoptera': Ptiloneuridae).

The Psocodea genera Ptiloneura Enderlein and Loneura Navás are redefined. Some species of Loneura are transferred to Ptiloneura. Loneuroides García Aldrete is synonymized with Ptiloneura.

Phylogenetic analysis of Lachesilla Westwood (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Lachesillidae) and relationships of sister genera of the subfamily Lachesillinae.

Lachesilla is the most species-rich psocid genus, with 341 species grouped into 19 species groups (with at least 100 undescribed species), plus an additional undescribed species group. We present the first phylogenetic analysis of Lachesilla and a discussion on the relationships of sister genera of the subfamily Lachesillinae. We codified a matrix of 60 morphological characters (16 multistate and 44 binary) formed by 44 terminals: 37 ingroup species and seven outgroup species.

Saving DNA from museum specimens: The success of DNA mini-barcodes in haplotype reconstruction in the genus (Diptera: Tephritidae).

The fragmentation of DNA in historical specimens is very common, so obtaining sequences that allow molecular identification and the study of diversity is quite challenging. In this study, we used preserved and fresh specimens of the fruit fly genus , a genus of economic impact of fruit crops of the Neotropic. From these specimens, we evaluated: (1) the success PCR amplification rates of mini-barcodes fragments of the subunit I (COI) gene, and (2) the usefulness of mini-barcodes in the reconstruction of haplotypes for the identification of species and the diversity analysis.

The species group Amabilis of the genus Euplocania Enderlein (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Ptiloneuridae).

We here describe and illustrate 11 species of Euplocania in species group Amabilis from Brazil, Colombia and Ecuador. They raise to 33 the number of species described in the genus. An identification key to the males in the species group is included.

New species of Euplocania Enderlein (Psocodea: 'Psocoptera': Psocomorpha), in three species groups, from Colombia and Ecuador.

Eight species of Euplocania from Colombia, in species groups Bonaverensis, Enderleini and Patinoi, are here described and illustrated. They raise to 40 the number of species described in the genus, 27 of which are found in Colombia. Of the Colombian species, one is shared with Ecuador and one is shared with Brazil and Peru.

A new genus of Ptiloneuridae, its position within the family, and descriptions of five species (Psocodea, 'Psocoptera').

Upon examination of ptiloneurid specimens recently collected in forests of natural areas and Natural National Parks in Colombia, ten males and seven females were found that represent five species of an undescribed ptiloneurid genus. It differs from the other genera in the family by characters of the wings, hypandrium, phallosome, epiproct, female gonapophyses, and sternum IX. An identification key to the males of the genera of Ptiloneuridae, and a key to the species of the new genus are presented.

New species and records of Cladiopsocus Roesler (Psocodea: 'Psocoptera': Psocomorpha: Cladiopsocidae) from Colombia.

Thirteen species of Cladiopsocus Roesler, from the Colombian departments of Caquetá, Chocó, Magdalena, Nariño, Norte de Santander and Putumayo are here described and illustrated. New records of eight described species of Cladiopsocus, from the departments of Caquetá, Cauca, Quindío and Valle del Cauca are included. The number of species in the genus is increased to 41, of which 27 are Colombian.

The genus Waoraniella García Aldrete (Lachesillidae: Eolachesillinae: Waoraniellini) in Colombia: Two new species from the Andean region.

Two species of Waoraniella from Valle del Cauca, represented by both sexes, are here described and illustrated. The new species were found in the Andean region, between 1000-2000 m above sea level, constituting the first record of the genus outside the Amazon Basin. An identification key and a distribution map of the known Waoraniella species is included.

New species of Colombian Roesler (Psocodea: 'Psocoptera': Ptiloneuridae).

Based on a survey of the genus Triplocania (Psocodea: 'Psocoptera') in forests of natural areas and Natural Parks in Colombia, 46 species were found, 42 of which are new to science and are here described and illustrated. Added to T. colombiana García Aldrete, the number of species of Triplocania now known in Colombia is raised to 47.

Five new species of the genus Enderlein (Psocodea, 'Psocoptera', Psocomorpha, Ptiloneuridae) from Colombia.

Five new species of from Colombia belonging in four species groups are here described and illustrated. They increase to 22 the number of species described in the genus, thirteen of which are endemic to Colombia, with one species shared with Brazil and Peru. Three new species groups of are here diagnosed.

New species of Mockford & Sullivan (Psocodea: 'Psocoptera': Lachesillidae: Graphocaeciliini) from Bolivia and Mexico.

The genus Prolachesilla Mockford & Sullivan presently includes nine species, all described when the genus was erected; since then, no other species have been discovered. Here, we describe and illustrate one Bolivian and three Mexican species. This is the first record of Prolachesilla from Bolivia.

Seven new species of Navás (Insecta: Psocodea: 'Psocoptera': Ptiloneuridae) from Valle del Cauca, Colombia.

Seven species of Loneura from natural areas of Valle del Cauca, Colombia, are described and illustrated. The female of L. andina is described for the first time.

Genetic diversity and population structure of Anastrepha striata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in three natural regions of southwestern Colombia using mitochondrial sequences.

Anastrepha striata is widely distributed across the Americas and is a pest of economically important crops, especially crops of the Myrtaceae family. Insect population structures can be influenced by the presence of physical barriers or characteristics associated with habitat differences. This study evaluated the effect of the Western Andes on the population structure of A.

Uncovering the diversity of the neotropical genus Elaphopsocus ('Psocoptera': Psocidae: Amphigerontiinae): from one to ten species.

For 75 years, the genus Elaphopsocus was considered a monotypic lineage of neotropical psocids. As a result of recent work in South America, this genus presently includes seven species from Brazil and Colombia. We here describe three new species from the East Colombian high Andes.