Relational anonymity in reducing the harms of illicit drug use: accounts of users of dark web- and street-based services in Finland.

Background: Protecting individual anonymity is a common practice in harm reduction (HR), as it can mitigate the fears that may prevent people from accessing services. Protecting anonymity usually means applying for services with a pseudonym. However, anonymity protection practices have diversified in current HR environments, for example, on the streets or in the Tor network, which relies on technology to guarantee exceptionally strong anonymity.

Economic effects of priority setting in healthcare: a scoping review of current evidence.

Objectives: Study objective was to map the current literature on the economic effects of priority setting at the system level in healthcare.

Design: The study was conducted as a scoping review.

Data Sources: Scopus electronic database was searched in June 2023.

NAPping PAnts (NAPPA): An open wearable solution for monitoring Infant's sleeping rhythms, respiration and posture.

Study Objectives: To develop a non-invasive and practical wearable method for long-term tracking of infants' sleep.

Methods: An infant wearable, NAPping PAnts (NAPPA), was constructed by combining a diaper cover and a movement sensor (triaxial accelerometer and gyroscope), allowing either real-time data streaming to mobile devices or offline feature computation stored in the sensor memory. A sleep state classifier (wake, N1/REM, N2/N3) was trained and tested for NAPPA recordings ( = 16649 epochs of 30 s), using hypnograms from co-registered polysomnography (PSG) as a training target in 33 infants (age 2 weeks to 18 months; Mean = 4).

Vaccinating parent flocks against colibacillosis reduces broiler mortality - A retrospective observational study from 2016 to 2019 in Finland.

Colibacillosis is one of the most important infectious diseases in modern poultry production. The complex nature of colibacillosis has made it challenging to produce an effective vaccine. As a control measure for colibacillosis outbreak in Finland, a vaccination program with a commercial colibacillosis vaccine and later also an autogenous vaccine was started for parent flocks in 2017.

Small mammals as carriers of zoonotic bacteria on pig and cattle farms - Prevalence and risk of exposure in an integrative approach.

To prevent foodborne infections from pigs and cattle, the whole food chain must act to minimize the contamination of products, including biosecurity measures which prevent infections via feed and the environment in production farms. Rodents and other small mammals can be reservoirs of and key vectors for transmitting zoonotic bacteria and viruses to farm animals, through direct contact but more often through environmental contamination. In line with One Health concept, we integrated results from a sampling study of small mammals in farm environments and data from a capture-recapture experiment into a probabilistic model which quantifies the degree of environmental exposure of zoonotic bacteria by small mammals to farm premises.

Campylobacteriosis in Finland: Passive Surveillance in 2004-2021 and a Pilot Case-Control Study with Whole-Genome Sequencing in Summer 2022.

Campylobacteriosis causes a significant disease burden in humans worldwide and is the most common type of zoonotic gastroenteritis in Finland. To identify infection sources for domestic infections, we analyzed case data from the Finnish Infectious Disease Register (FIDR) in 2004-2021 and outbreak data from the National Food- and Waterborne Outbreak Register (FWO Register) in 2010-2021, and conducted a pilot case-control study (256 cases and 756 controls) with source attribution and patient sample analysis using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in July-August 2022. In the FIDR, 41% of the cases lacked information on travel history.

Abuse of social care clients committed by nurses and other social service employees-Analysis of employees' reports.

Aim: The aim of the study was to describe the alleged abuse of social care clients committed by nurses and other social services employees and actions as well as sanctions that followed the alleged abuse.

Design: A retrospective study using a descriptive qualitative analysis.

Methods: The data comprised mandatory reports made by social service employees under the Social Welfare Act.

Ontogeny of cellular organization and LGR5 expression in porcine cochlea revealed using tissue clearing and 3D imaging.

Over 11% of the world's population experience hearing loss. Although there are promising studies to restore hearing in rodent models, the size, ontogeny, genetics, and frequency range of hearing of most rodents' cochlea do not match that of humans. The porcine cochlea can bridge this gap as it shares many anatomical, physiological, and genetic similarities with its human counterpart.

Qualitative Analysis of Colorectal Cancer Screening in Rural Nebraska.

Compared to urban residents, rural populations are less likely to engage in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. As part of a statewide cancer needs assessment, we aimed to elicit rural perspectives about CRC screening and resources. We conducted three focus groups with rural Nebraska cancer survivors and caregivers (N = 20) in Spring 2021 using a collective case study design.

Qualitative analysis of cancer care experiences among rural cancer survivors and caregivers.

Purpose: Rural (vs urban) patients experience poorer cancer outcomes and are less likely to be engaged in cancer prevention, such as screening. As part of a community needs assessment, we explored rural cancer survivors' and caregivers' experiences, perceptions, and attitudes toward cancer care services.

Methods: We conducted 3 focus groups (N = 20) in Spring 2021 in rural Nebraska.

BIKE: Dietary Exposure Model for Foodborne Microbiological and Chemical Hazards.

BIKE is a Bayesian dietary exposure assessment model for microbiological and chemical hazards. A graphical user interface was developed for running the model and inspecting the results. It is based on connected Bayesian hierarchical models, utilizing OpenBUGS and R in tandem.

An openly available wearable, a diaper cover, monitors infant's respiration and position during rest and sleep.

Aim: To describe and test the accuracy of respiratory rate assessment in long-term surveillance using an open-source infant wearable, NAPping PAnts (NAPPA).

Methods: We recorded 24 infants aged 1-9 months using our newly developed infant wearable that is a diaper cover with an integrated programmable electronics with accelerometer and gyroscope sensors. The sensor collects child's respiration rate (RR), activity and body posture in 30-s epochs, to be downloaded afterwards into a mobile phone application.

Evaluation of Strain Variability in Inactivation of Campylobacter jejuni in Simulated Gastric Fluid by Using Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling.

This study was conducted to quantitatively evaluate the variability of stress resistance in different strains of Campylobacter jejuni and the uncertainty of such strain variability. We developed Bayesian statistical models with multilevel analysis to quantify variability within a strain, variability between different strains, and the uncertainty associated with these estimates. Furthermore, we measured the inactivation of 11 strains of C.

Unmet Rehabilitation Needs after Traumatic Brain Injury across Europe: Results from the CENTER-TBI Study.

This study aims to assess rehabilitation needs and provision of rehabilitation services for individuals with moderate-to-severe disability and investigate factors influencing the probability of receiving rehabilitation within six months after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Overall, the analyses included 1206 individuals enrolled in the CENTER-TBI study with severe-to-moderate disability. Impairments in five outcome domains (daily life activities, physical, cognition, speech/language, and psychological) and the use of respective rehabilitation services (occupational therapy, physiotherapy, cognitive and speech therapies, and psychological counselling) were recorded.

An Open Source Classifier for Bed Mattress Signal in Infant Sleep Monitoring.

Objective: To develop a non-invasive and clinically practical method for a long-term monitoring of infant sleep cycling in the intensive care unit.

Methods: Forty three infant polysomnography recordings were performed at 1-18 weeks of age, including a piezo element bed mattress sensor to record respiratory and gross-body movements. The hypnogram scored from polysomnography signals was used as the ground truth in training sleep classifiers based on 20,022 epochs of movement and/or electrocardiography signals.

Care transitions in the first 6months following traumatic brain injury: Lessons from the CENTER-TBI study.

Background: No large international studies have investigated care transitions during or after acute hospitalisations for traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Objectives: To characterise various TBI-care pathways and the number of associated transitions during the first 6 months after TBI and to assess the impact of these on functional TBI outcome controlled for demographic and injury-related factors.

Methods: This was a cohort study of patients with TBI admitted to various trauma centres enrolled in the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in TBI (CENTER-TBI) study.

Predictors of Access to Rehabilitation in the Year Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A European Prospective and Multicenter Study.

Background: Although rehabilitation is beneficial for individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI), a significant proportion of them do not receive adequate rehabilitation after acute care.

Objective: Therefore, the goal of this prospective and multicenter study was to investigate predictors of access to rehabilitation in the year following injury in patients with TBI.

Methods: Data from a large European study (CENTER-TBI), including TBIs of all severities between December 2014 and December 2017 were used (N = 4498 patients).

Reducing harms through interactions: Workers orienting to unpredictable frames in a low-threshold project for people injecting drugs.

Background: People using injection drugs and living in complex, vulnerable and stigmatised life situations can face many kinds of barriers when accessing social and healthcare services. Thus, they are often encountered in easily reachable low-threshold services aimed at harm reduction. However, little is known about how clients' multiple drug-related needs are actually encountered in the everyday practices of harm reduction work.

A common approach for ranking of microbiological and chemical hazards in foods based on risk assessment - useful but is it possible?

This article compares and contrasts microbial and chemical risk assessment methodologies in order to evaluate the potential for a common framework for ranking of risk of chemical and microbiological hazards, and developments needed for such a framework. An overview of microbial (MRA) and chemical (CRA) risk assessment is presented and important differences are highlighted. Two microbiological and two chemical hazard-food combinations were ranked based on both a margin of exposure and a risk assessment approach.

Studies on stigma regarding hearing impairment and hearing aid use among adults of working age: a scoping review.

Purpose: Research on stigma has been criticized for centering on the perceptions of individuals and their effect on social interactions rather than studying stigma as a dynamic and relational phenomenon as originally defined by Goffman. This review investigates whether and how stigma has been evaluated as a social process in the context of hearing impairment and hearing aid use.

Materials And Methods: Systematic literature searches were conducted within four major databases for peer-reviewed journal articles on hearing impairment and hearing aid rehabilitation.

Listeria monocytogenes risk assessment on cold smoked and salt-cured fishery products in Finland - A repeated exposure model.

Listeria monocytogenes causes severe consequences especially for persons belonging to risk groups. Finland is among the countries with highest number of listeriosis cases in the European Union. Although most reported cases appear to be sporadic and the maximum bacterial concentration of 100 cfu/g is not usually exceeded at retail, cold smoked and salt-cured fish products have been noted as those products with great risk especially for the elderly.

A Modular Bayesian Salmonella Source Attribution Model for Sparse Data.

Several statistical models for salmonella source attribution have been presented in the literature. However, these models have often been found to be sensitive to the model parameterization, as well as the specifics of the data set used. The Bayesian salmonella source attribution model presented here was developed to be generally applicable with small and sparse annual data sets obtained over several years.

Longitudinal Study of Shiga Toxin-Producing and on Finnish Dairy Farms and in Raw Milk.

Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) and are notable health hazards associated with the consumption of raw milk. These bacteria may colonize the intestines of asymptomatic cattle and enter bulk tank milk via fecal contamination during milking. We studied the frequency of STEC O157:H7 and contamination in tank milk ( = 785) and the in-line milk filters of milking machines ( = 631) versus the frequency of isolation from cattle feces ( = 257) on three Finnish dairy farms for 1 year.

Can a Brief Telephone Intervention for Problem Gambling Help to Reduce Co-existing Depression? A Three-Year Prospective Study in New Zealand.

Problematic gambling and depression commonly co-exist, with limited research indicating that depression and/or psychological distress appear to reduce with brief interventions for problem gambling. The present study was designed to examine the effect, over 36 months, of a brief problem gambling intervention on depression in a population of people seeking help for gambling issues. One-hundred and thirty-one participants were recruited from adult (18+ years) gambler callers to the New Zealand national gambling helpline.